Chapter 22 - fungi

Reproduction

Reproductive structure at the tips of the hyphae and extend high in the air so that the air current will carry them to spread

Yeast

Phylum - Ascomycota
-Saccharomyces Cerevisiage
-Candida Albicans

Saccharomyces Cerevisage

Bakers yeast

Candida Albicans

Causes thrush

Thrush

Milk white lesions forming on mouth, lips, and throat

Budding

New formation of cell

Mushrooms

Phylum - Basidiomyota
- Basidium

Basidium

Named for their characteristic club shaped sexual reproductive structure named Basidium
- reproduce sexually

Fungi Imperfecti

Phylum - Deuteromycta
- asexual reproductive structure
- Penecillum
- Aspergilus

Penecillum

Provides penicillin

Aspergilus

-used for fermenting soy sauce
- commercial production of citric acid

Fungal Association

- Lichen
- Photosynthetic partner
- Fungal partner

Lichen

Symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner
- sensitive to pollutants
- absorbs chemicals for food
- acid rain or lots of rain destroys it
- lichen will die

Photosynthetic partner

Provides energy rich compounds for both partners

Fungal partner

Protects from the environment and provides mineral nutrients

Tough fungus

Can live in
- dessert
- Arctic
- bare soil
- tree trunks
- sun baked rocks
survives drought and freezing by becoming dormant

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic relationship of certain fungi with roots of plants
- fungi filaments transfer phosphorous and minerals to roots of plant and plant supplies carbohydrates to fungus

Fungi characteristics

-Decomposers
-Heterotrophic
-Filamentous bodies
-Wall made of chitin
-Nuclear mitosis

Decomposer

Breaks down organic molecules (made of carbon) and changes them

Filamentous bodies

Have long slender filaments which weave tightly together to form a fungus body

Walls made of chitin

Tough material in the hard cell wall

Nuclear mitosis

In dividing muscular cells, the nuclear interphase remain intact from prophase to anaphase

Penicillium

Mold on a lime

Hyphae

All fungi except yeast have bodies composed of slender filaments called fungi

Mycelium

When hyphae grow together

Septa

The walls that seperate

Food digestion

-Fungi digests food outside their bodies through the tips of the hyphae
-They secrete powerfull digestive enzymes that break down the organic matter into smaller molecules
-The fungi absorbs these molecules and uses them for energy

Food digestion

Leaves
Animal corpses
Waste
Paper
Cardboard
Petroleum
Paint
Fruit
Vegetables
Bread
Meat
Sticks

Benefits of fungi

-Produce carbon dioxide and ethanol
-Pungent flavors and aromas
-Antibiotics
-Drugs - Cydosporine

Produce carbon dioxide and ethanol

Wine and beer

Drugs - Cydosporine

-Drug derived from fungus that lives in soil.
-Suppresses the reaction of the immune system
-Causes the ability to allow a transplanted organ