evolution
the process of change that has transformed life on Earth
biology
is the scientific study of life
the 5 unifying themes of biology
Organization
Information
Energy and matter
Interactions
Evolution
emergent properties
result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system
reductionism
the simplification of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
eukaryotic cell
has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus
prokaryotic cell
simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
genes
encode information for building the molecules synthesized within the cell they are also the units of inheritance
DNA
controls the development and maintenance of organisms
DNA molecules
made up of two long chains arranged in a double helix
DNA chains
made up of four kinds of chemical building blocks called nucleotides and nicknamed A, G, C, and T
gene expression
process of converting information from gene to cellular product
genome
entire set of genetic instructions
The human genome and those of many other organisms have been sequenced
genomics
the study of sets of genes within and between species
proteomics
the study of whole sets of proteins encoded by the genome (known as proteomes)
bioinformatics
the use of computational tools to process a large volume of data
feedback
Cells are able to coordinate various chemical pathways
taxonomy
the branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth Domains, followed by kingdoms, are the broadest units of classification
Domain Bacteria and domain Archaea compose the...?
prokaryotes
Domain Eukarya includes the...?
eukaryotes
what are the three multicellular kingdoms of domain eukarya?
Plants, which produce their own food by photosynthesis
Fungi, which absorb nutrients
Animals, which ingest their food
natural selection
the environment "selects" for the propagation of beneficial traits
inquiry
the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
scientific process
Making observations
Forming logical hypotheses
Testing hypothesis
deductive reasoning
uses general premises to make specific predictions
Questions That Can and Cannot Be Addressed by Science
A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable
explanations are outside the bounds of science
theory
Broader in scope than a hypothesis
General, and can lead to new testable hypotheses
Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis