apocrypha
hidden things" several additional books not contained in protastant bibles but in catholic bibles. found in catholic old testament
Bible
christian scriptures containing 66 books of the old and new testaments in the protestant bible, catholic bible contains more in the apocrypha canon (greek: little books) story of gods relation with humanity
Canon
measuring rod" official list of documents a religious community accepts
Covenant*
(hebrew: barit) a contract or treaty between god and israel
Dead Sea Scrolls
Group of manuscripts found in caves near dead sea, at Wadi Qumran, early 1947, older biblical books from Essene settlement destroyed by romans 86 ce
Deuterocanon
(Greek: 2nd canon) refers to 14 books "CANONS" found in the SEPTUAGINT edition but not found in the Hebrew bible (TaNaKh)
Elohim*
God in Hebrew (El=singular,yahweh) (Elohim=plural) first appears in opening chapters of genesis
Jamnia
an academy of leading Palestinian rabbi's held in 90 ce in the coastal village of jamnia. to guide Judaism after roman destruction of Jerusalem and its temple
Masoretic Text
MT the standard text of the hebrew bible. differs from older text such as the dead sea scrolls
Myth
(greek:mythos,story) narrative expressing profound psychological or religious truth that cannot be verified by historical inquiry
Pentateuch*
(greek:five scrolls) denotes first 5 books of the Hebrew bible (torah) genesis,exodus, Leviticus, numbers, Deuteronomy
Septuagint
the greeks translated addition of the Hebrew bible (TaNaKh) work of jewish-greek translators living in alexandria. not accepted in the Hebrew Canon " the apocypha
Tanahk (Tanak)
Acronym composed of first letter of 3 major divisions of the Hebrew bible (TaNaKh) T- Torah (Mosaic Instruction), N- Nevi'im (Prophets), K- Kethuvim (writings)
Testament
(from latin word for covenant) term used for 2 main divisions of bible, old testament (canonical hebrew scriptures, Torah), new testament (Christian greek scriptures)
Torah*
(hebrew:law,instruction,or teaching) refers primarily to the Pentateuch(GENESIS,EXODUS,LEVITICUS,NUMBERS,DEUTERONOMY) canonical writing direct from Yahweh
Vulgate
Jeromes Latin translation of the bible, became official edition of roman Catholicism
Yahweh*
Translation of sacred name of Israels god,7,000 times in Hebrew bible by four consonants of the tetragrammaton (YHWH)
adam
in genesis, yahwehs first human creation composed of clay and animated by the devine breath
Pentateuch *
(greek:five scrolls) denotes first 5 books of the Hebrew bible (torah) genesis,exodus, Leviticus, numbers, Deuteronomy
Torah *
(hebrew:law,instruction,or teaching) refers primarily to the Pentateuch(GENESIS,EXODUS,LEVITICUS,NUMBERS,DEUTERONOMY) canonical writing direct from Yahweh
Documentary Hypothesis
scholarly theory that pentateuch is not the work of one author, such as moses, but the product of generations of scribes four main sources are known as the J (yahwist), E (elohist), D (deuteronomist), and P (Priestly writers)
J, E, D, P
J (yahwist), E (elohist), D (deuteronomist), and P (Priestly writers)
cult
the formalized practice of a religious group , particularly its system for sacrifice,worship, and public (or secret) rites.
Enuma Elish*
Babylonian creation epic, takes name from the opening phrase( in akkadian="when above"). depict God Marduk creating the world from an original watery chaos by separation and division
Elohim*
God in Hebrew (El=singular,yahweh) (Elohim=plural) first appears in opening chapters of genesis
Yahweh *
Translation of sacred name of Israels god,7,000 times in Hebrew bible by four consonants of the tetragrammaton (YHWH)
Tetragrammaton
YHWH" pronounced yahweh,god of israel inacurately rendered as "the Lord
Eve
1st women, wife of adam, created from adams rib, from hebrew verb "to live"-mother of all living
Cain
first son of adam and eve who killed his younger brother, yahweh gave his a special mark to save him from his enemies,offered fruit when Abel offered sacrificial animal,was avenged sevenfold
Sabbath*
7th day of jewish week sacred to yahweh dedicated to rest and worship
Noah
son of lamech,in priestly writing, father of ham, shem, and japheth, whom yahweh chose to build a wooden houseboat containing pairs of all living creatures to survive the flood(gen 6-8) with whom god made an everlasting covenant
The Nephilim
...
Enuma Elish*
Babylonian creation epic, takes name from the opening phrase( in akkadian="when above"). depict God Marduk creating the world from an original watery chaos by separation and division
Sabbath*
7th day of jewish week sacred to yahweh dedicated to rest and worship
Eden
delight" where god put man, where the tree of life was and tree of knowledge of good and evil,trees were seen as signs of life and fertility
ark
ship built by noah that was to hold creatures of the earth duing the flood
Gilgamesh
Mesopotamian epic in which Gilgamesh travels the world in search for immortality similar to Noah account of the flood
Abram
Abrahams name before the covenant with yahweh, it is later changed to abraham "father of many
Haran
Abrams home before he leaves for canaan to fulfill his covenant
Sarai
abrams wife in canaan, god promises her a son, isaac (hebrew: he laughs)
Sarah
yahweh changes sarais name to sarah (hebrew: queen)
covenant
(hebrew: barit) a contract or treaty between god and Israel,Yahweh will make Abraham "father of a multitude" and Abraham must cut off his foreskin and sacrifice his everlasting flesh for Yahweh
circumcision
Abraham's covenant to Yahweh, must occure when the child is 8 days old
Ishmael
Abrams first son to sarais maid Hagar
Laban
brother of rebecca isaacs wife,isaacs brother in law, jacobs uncle and father of leah(oldest daughter) nd rachel (youngest daughter)
Rachel
Jacobs love, labans younger daughter, later jacobs wife
Leah
also jacobs wife, labans oldest daughter who he jacob accidently sleeps with
Bilhah
leahs maid, mother of dan and naphtali
Zilpah
rachels maid, mother of gad and asher
Joseph
son of jacob and rachel who is sold into trade and brought to egypt where he becomes a great leader
Isaac
born from sarah and abraham after the covenant (hebrew:he laughs) later known as israel
Rebekah
isaacs wife, Jacob and Esau's mom, she prefers jacob over esau and devises a plan for jacob to steal esaus blessing
Jacob
(hebrew: he grabs) son of isaac and rebekah, he marries leah and rachel (labans daughters) steals his brother esaus birth right and blessing
Esau
(hebrew: hairy) the stronger brother who is tricked by jacob
Rachel*
jacobs one true love that births joseph and benjamin
Leah*
rachels older sister, jacobs first wife.
Zilpah*
rachels maid, mother of gad and asher
Bilhah*
leahs maid, mother od dan and naphtali
eponym
the person from whom a group takes their name
etiology
a narrative constructed to explain the meaning or origin of a social practice
Israel
isaacs new name
Reuben
the brother that did not want to shed blood on joseph, just leave him in the pit for death, he felt remorse for joseph
Potiphar
one of the pharaohs men of egypt, the captain of the gaurd who bought joseph from the midianites
Asenath
Daughter of potiphera, josephs egyptian wife
Manasseh
Josephs first born son to asenath, (hebrew: making forget)
Ephraim
Josephs second son from asenath, (hebrew: be fruitful)
Benjamin
Rachels son, josephs only full brother and isaac (or israels) second most loved son
Goshen
Land near egypt where israel and josephs brothers would live, richest land of egypt
Midian
An ancient tribal territory,where moses fled from the egyptian pharaoh
Reuel
The priest of midian who had 7 daughters, Moses watered their flock of sheep while hiding from the pharaoh
Zipporah
Moses' wife and daughter of reuel
Gershom
Moses and zipporahs first born son,
Jethro
another name for reuel, the elhowistic name
Horeb
god meets moses at a rock in horeb and strikes it so water comes out and people may drink, horeb is used in the elowhistic text, also called sinai
Aaron
aaron is to moses as moses is to god, he helps moses speak, he is brother of moses
hardening of the heart
...
Pharaoh
kings of Egypt who's heart was hardened by yahweh
Passover
was a feast where israelites sacrificed a goat and smeared its blood on the door for when the ghost of death passed over their homes
unleavened bread
bread made without yeast, eaten in celebration of passover
Miriam
Aarons sister, prophet played the tambourine and saang a song and danced to the lord,shuned moses and was kicked out of camp for seven days
Amalek
grandson of esau, jacobs twin
manna
like coriander seed, white and tasted like wafers and honey
Joshua
assistant of mosses one of his chosen men
Eliezer
mosses and zipporahs second son (Hebrew: fathers helper)
redeem
...
clean and unclean
...
tabernacle
longest torah passages relating to one event discuss the tabernacle,(Ex25-31), it is the portable tent or shrine that god will symbolically inhabit
tent of meeting
where mosses mariam and aaron met yahweh
Azazel
a desert or diety demon
Yom Kippur
The day of atonement high priest prepares 2 goats at tent of meeting for sacrifice one is slaughter and one is kept alive to bare the peoples sins priest lays hand on the goat and transfers sins of the people into it and let it out into azazel
the ark of the covenant
rectangular chest plated in gold leaf , on which yahwehs "glory" will rest
Mosaic covenant
agreement between Yahweh and Israel that was mediated by mosses
apodictic law
unconditional legal commands such as you shall not honor any god but yahweh
case law
law expressed in conditional terms, such as if you do this... this is the punishment
Decalogue
greek for ten words, the ten commandments
Levites
tribe descended from levi , given hereditary priestly duties, only descendants of aaron could be high priests
scapegoat
innocent person who suffers crimes for others, ceremony places the people at one with god
Negeb
the semi desert region of south Israel where they set scapegoat
Caleb
spy for moses who is confident in yahwehs ability to overtake canaan
Joshua
spy for moses who is confident in yahwehs ability to overtake canaan, moses' right hand man
Nephilim
the strong and giant people near the land of canaan that caleb and joseph are sent to spy on
Moab
ancient neighbor state of Israel, in the Jordan highland east of the dead sea
Josiah
king of Judah who led major religious reform
Shema
a proclamation of faith in hebrew, deuteronomy 6:4-9
lex talionis
an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
mezuzah
fixed on jewish doors with the shema inside
ninian smarts dimensions of religion
-practical and ritual dimension
-experimental and emotional
-narrative or mythic dimension
-doctrinal or philosophical dimension
-ethical and legal dimension
-social and institutional dimension
-material dimension
creation stories
priestly 1.1-2.3, when God is used
Yahwistic 2.4-5, when the LORD is used