SJU Bio Midterm Review Cell Structures

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use

a transmission electronic microscope

Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells?

facilitated diffusion

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

phagocytic white blood cell

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small and hydrophobic

In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles function in this compartmentalization?

lysosome

If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

Sperm, larynx, and trachea

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

chloroplasts

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are

hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonice to the salt solution

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?

ER->Golgi->vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which one of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

smooth ER

Which of the following contains the 9+ 2 arrangement of microtubules?

flagella and cilia

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Chloroplast

An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?

phagocytosis

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involving producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the

mitochondria

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids and proteins

Of the following, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes?a) facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradientsb) maintaining the integrity of a fluid mosaic membranec) active transport of molecules against their concentration gradientsd) maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperaturese) a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another

e

Which is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?

Chloroplasts

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a) DNAb) an endoplasmic reticulumc) ribosomesd) a cell walle) a plasma membrane

b

Which of the following processes includes all others?a) osmosisb) passive transportc) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradientd) facilitated diffusione) diffusion of a solute across a membrane

b

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

a plant or an animal

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. What is the advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.