list of effectiveness
Most effective= implants, IUD, female sterilization, vasectomy
More effective= injectibles. LAM, pills, patch vaginal ring
Less effective= condoms, diaphragm, FAM
Least=spermicides and withdrawal
how many US pregnancies are unplanned?
50%
contraception
The intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse
birth control
the device or practice that decreases the risk of conceiving
family planning
the conscious decision on when to conceive throughout the reproductive years
informed consent: BRAIDED
B: benefits
R: risks
A: alternatives
I: inquiries and questions
D: decisions may change mind
E: explanations
D: documentation
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
Least effective method
Doesn't protect against STIs
Family Awareness Methods
Natural family planning
Only contraceptive practices acceptable to the Roman Catholic Church
Relies on avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods
Combine charting menstrual cycle with abstinence or other contraceptive methods
-all about knowing when
FAMs listed
Calendar rhythm method
Standard days method
Symptoms-based methods
-TwoDay method
-Ovulation method
-Basal body temperature (BBT) method
-Symptothermal method
cycle beads
lets you know when you can have intercourse
Spermicides and Barrier Methods
Popular also as a protective measure against spread of STIs
Chemical barriers may reduce the risk of some STIs but are not effective against cervical chlamydia and gonorrhea or HIV infection
Male and female condoms provide a mechanical barrier to STIs and
types of spermicides and barrier methods
Spermicides
Condoms, male (98% effective if used correctly)
Vaginal sheath (female condom)
Diaphragm
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Cervical caps
Contraceptive sponge
Hormonal Methods
Available in varying formulations and administration
Combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (COCs)
-Oral contraceptives and side effects
-Combined estrogen and progestin injection
-Oral contraceptives 91-day regimen
-Transdermal contraceptive sys
contraindications in hormonal methods
breast cancer, smoking, and over 35
*look it up in book
more info on hormonal methods
Benefits= help with acne, pms, dysmennhorea, regulate cycles
There are 2 kinds= monophasic and multiphasic (bi or tri)
No STD protection
Need to be taken at same time everyday
look at ppt for what to do when you miss a pill
slide 16
Progestin Only Contraception
-Oral progestins (minipill)
-Injectable progestins: Do not massage site after injection, inject every 3 months, have weight gain, lack of bone density, irregular bleeding
-Implantable progestins: rods implanted right under skin, last 3 years
Emergency Contraception
Used within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse
Three methods available in the U.S.
1. High doses of oral progestins: Levonorgestrel 2 doses
2. High doses of COCs or estrogen
3. Insertion of copper IUD
emergency contraception notes
Can get plan B if 17 or older
Side effects- nausea vomiting cramping etc
Decr risk of pregnancy up to 62%
IUD can be very uncomfortable for 1st year. Copper lasts 10 years. Merina last 5 years
Uterine perforation is a risk and it can be expelled after a c
Intrauterine Devices
Offer constant contraception
Small T-shaped device inserted into the uterine cavity
Medicated IUDs loaded with either copper or progestational agent
Offer no protection against STIs or HIV
female sterilization
Tubal occlusion
Transcervical sterilization
Tubal reconstruction
*Female; bilateral tubal ligation- uterine tubes are severed or tubal occlusion-bands or clamps
male sterilization (vasectomy)
Tubal reconstruction (reanastomose)
Laws and regulations
lactation amenorrhea
breast feeding
look at worksheet from class
**