Probability
A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
Counting Principle
If one event can happen M ways and another event can happen N ways then the two events can happen in MN ways.
Tree Diagram
A diagram that shows all of the possible arrangements of objects or outcomes of an event.
Measures of Central Tendency
A single number that can represent a set of numbers. The mean, median, and mode of a set of numbers.
Mean
The sum of a set of numbers divided by how many numbers are in the set.
Median
The MIDDLE NUMBER (or average of two middle numbers) of a group of numbers listed in order.
Mode
The number that occurs the most often in a set of data.
Stem and Leaf Plot
A method of arranging data in increasing or decreasing order.
Box and Whisker Plot
A graphical display that uses a box to represent the middle of a set of data and segments drawn to extremes on both ends.
Lower Extreme
The smallest number in a data set (box & whisker).
Upper Extreme
The largest number in a data set (box & whisker).
Lower Quartile
The median of the lower half of data (box & whisker).
Upper Quartile
The median of the upper half of data (box & whisker).
Interquartile Range
The difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
Second Quartile
The median of the data (box & whisker).
Range
The difference between the upper and lower extremes.
Scatterplot
A graph of a collection of ordered pairs that represent a real life situation.
Positive Correlation
Data points on a scatterplot whose y-coordinates seem to increase as the x-coordinates increase.
Negative Correlation
Data points on a scatterplot whose y-coordinates seem to decrease as the x-coordinates decrease.
No Correlation
Data on a scatterplot for which no pattern exists between the x and y coordinates.
Bar Graph
A graph that organizes a collection of data by horizontal or vertical bars to display how many times each event occurs.
Line Graph
A graph that shows trends over time.
Circle Graph
A graph that shows portions of data collections as part of a circular region.
Histogram
A bar graph in which the bars represent equally spaced intervals of numbers.
Matrix
A rectangular arrangement of numbers into horizontal and vertical rows and columns.
Element
Each entry in a matrix.