Chapter 6- Study Guide

Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid?

Osteoclasts

The medullary cavity of a child's bone may contain ________.

Red bone marrow

The long bones of the limbs grow in length by cell proliferation and hypertrophy in _________.

The metaphysis

Osteoclasts are most closely related by common descent to ________.

Monocytes

The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of ________.

Bone deposition

What produces bone deposition?

Dietary calcium, vitamin d, calcitonin, and testosterone

A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground "jungle gym". His leg bones do not shatter mainly because they contain ___________.

Collagen fibers

One long bone meets another at its ________.

Epiphysis

Calcitriol is made from ________.

7-dehydrocholesterol

One sign of osteoporosis is _________.

Kyphosis

Calcium phophate crystalizes in bone as a mineral called __________.

Hydroxyapatite

Osteocytes contact each other through channels called _______ in the bone matrix.

Canaliculi

A bone increases in diameter only by ________ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae.

Appositional

Most compact bone is organized in cylindrical units called ________, composed of lamellae encircling a central canal.

Osteons

The _______ glands secrete a hormone that stimulates cells to resorb bone and return its minerals to the blood.

Parathyroid

The ends of a bone are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called the ________.

Articular Cartilage

The cells that deposit new bone matrix are called _______.

Osteoblasts

The most common bone disease is _________.

Osteoporosis

The transitional region between epiphyseal cartilage and the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the _________.

Metaphysis

The cranial bones develop from a flat sheet of condensed mesenchyme in a process called _______.

Intramembranous ossification

Spongy bone is normally covered by __________ bone.

Compact

Most bones develop form ___________ cartilage.

Hyaline

What is the most common bone disorder?

Osteoporosis

What is the growth zone of the long bones of adolescents?

Epiphyseal plate

What develops osteoclasts?

Stem cells (related to monocytes)

What develops osteocytes?

Osteoblasts

What is the protein of bone matrix?

Collagen

Blood vessels travel through the _________ _________ of compact bone.

Central canal

What bone marrow has a hemopoietic function?

Red bone marrow

What hormone promotes bone resorption and raises blood calcium concentration?

Parathyroid