The independent assortment of allele pairs is due to
the independent segregation of homologous chromosome pairs during anaphase I
Height is a trait that shows continuous variation in humans. In pea plants, on the other hand, the tall allele is dominant over the short allele and there are no intermediate heights. What is the best explanation for this difference?
Height is a polygenic trait in humans.
Let B = black fur and b = brown fur color and T = long tails and t = short tails in mice.What are the genotypes for two true breeding parents with the phenotypes Black fur with a long tail and Brown fur with a short tail? Black fur with a long tail: Brown fur with a short tail: After crossing these two parents, what are the characteristics of the F1 generation?Genotype of the F1 progeny: Phenotype of the F1 progeny: Then you intercross the F1 progeny. What is the expected ratio of the following phenotypes? Black fur, long tail: Black fur, short tail: Brown fur, long tail: Brown fur, short tail:
BBTTbbtt BbTtBlack fur, long tail9331
A scientist has an uncharacterized pea plant showing the dominant trait and wants to determine the plant's genotype. Explain what she would have to do in order to determine the genotype, as well as the potential outcomes.
The scientist should do a testcross. Where he takes the plant he has now with a true-breeding recessive to determine if the plant is heterozyogous or true breeding dominant.
Components of nucleotide: P with O around
Phosphate
Components of nucleotide: all N
Nitrate
Components of nucleotide: O on top OH on bottom
5 Carbon Sugar
Complementary base pairs
A=TC=GRNA A=U
Label the ends of DNA strand CTCA
5'3'3'5'
Types of bonds that hold DNA together
Hydrogen holds base pairsPhosphodiester holds strand
Match these DNA replication enzymes to their functions: Gyrase
Relieves the strain on 2 strands a of DNA as it is unraveled
Match these DNA replication enzymes to their functions: Primase
Creates a short RNA primer complementary to a. DNA template
Match these DNA replication enzymes to their functions:DNA Polymerase
Adds new nucleotides to the end of a growing strand
Match these DNA replication enzymes to their functions:Helicase
Unwinds the DNA
Match these DNA replication enzymes to their functions:Ligase
Connects DNA fragments together
Suppose a new species of bacterium is discovered. It contains a form of DNA Polymerase that can add new nucleotides to either the 5' end or the 3' end of an existing strand. All other properties of the enzyme remain unchanged. How would DNA replication in these bacteria differ from normal replication?
Both new strands could be synthesized continuously like the leading strand.
Genetic analysis indicates that an unknown organism contains a gene that codes for a defective form of telomerase. Based on this information alone, you can conclude that this organism
is eukaryotic
You are asked to give a classroom demonstration of DNA supercoiling. To do so, you take two different colored pieces of rubber tubing, twist them very tightly and excessively around each other and join the ends of the tubing appropriately. Next, you relieve the supercoiling by breaking one strand and unwinding it. In this demonstration, the breaking and unwinding to relieve the supercoiling simulates the action of
Polymerase
Codons that serve as "stop" signals for translation are recognized by
Release factors
RNA Polymerase binds at the ? in order to initiate Transcription.
Promoter
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs
On ribosomes
List the three major kinds of RNA and their role in Gene Expression:
MRNA Allows for DNA to code to make amino acidstRNA Transfers information RRNA recieves the infomration??
Central Dogma DNA -> #1 B -> #2 C
#1 -Transcription#2- TranslationB- mRNAC-Polypeptide
What are the three modifications that occur to pre-mRNA in order to make mRNA in Eukaryotes?
1) 5' cap2)3' poly tail3)remove introns
A behavior that has evolved to aid relatives, although at personal risk, and thus increases the chance of your genes being passed on to the next generation is known as
kin selection
A certain species has offspring that require a very large amount of parental care. Predict their mating system.
monogamous
Living as a member of a group may have all of the following advantages except what?
being more resistant to disease and parasites
If a scientist is conducting a study of how an animal's senses provide a physiological basis for a particular behavior, what type of causation is she exploring?
proximate causation
When a mother comes home from the store, she often has a new toy for the dog. Now when anyone comes home with shopping bags, the dog gets excited.
Operant Conditioning
When you put on a pair of shorts for the first time over the summer, the sensation of air on your legs feels different. Once you've worn them for a while, however, you become used to the sensation and stop noticing it.
Habituation
When your boss slams their office door at work, it means they're about to yell at someone. Now every time a door slams anywhere, you have an involuntary tremble.
Classical Conditioning
After hatching, the first thing a baby duck sees is a pair of human shoes. As it ages, it continues to follow the shoes where ever they go.
Impriting
Several species of birds cache seeds for the winter. For this to be an effective strategy, they must be able to remember the location of their caches months later, when they need the food.
Cognition
Give an example of each of the three types of animal communication: 1. Chemical2. Acoustic3. Visual
1) When ants go out to find food they leave pheronomes (to smell later) to find thier way back to their home2) Birds have differnet types of chirps for different things happening in their environment (predartor coming, food near, ect)3) Humans will use body language to communitcate different emotions (disgust, discomfort) or to fully communicate like sing language
Species that have a delayed reproductive stage, are competing for limited resources, and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show K-selected adaptations.Species that have a delayed reproductive stage, are competing for limited resources, and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show r-selected adaptations.
K-selectedR-selected
The population size of fur seals has stabilized because it likely has reached its...
Carrying capacity
What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?
After low mortality early in life, mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life.
What type of survival curve does this show?
Type 1
Effects that are dependent on the size of the population and regulate the growth of populations are called ________ effects.
density dependent
Clumped or patched populations that undergo local periodic extinction and recolonization are called what?
metapopulations
Populations have three basic types of dispersion patterns—clumped, random, and uniform. What situation supports random distributions?
When individuals of the populations do not interact strongly with one another
Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?
Antelope travel in herds.
Which factor increases the likelihood of population extinction?
isolation of a population from sources of immigrants
You work for a successful company that sells maternity clothes. They have asked you to evaluate whether Australia or Singapore would be a better country to expand into with new stores. What keyword will help you find the data you need to make this evaluation?
demographics