Identify a type of hairless skin. Choose the correct option.
Glabrous
Which of the following has large receptive fields that may cover an entire finger or half of the palm? Choose the correct option.
Pacinian corpuscles
What are mechanoreceptors? Choose the correct option.
Sensitive to physical distortion
What is meant by the notion "the output of the cortex can influence the input of the cortex"? Choose the correct option.
Neurons of the thalamus and dorsal column are also controlled by cortical input.
What is two-point discrimination? Choose the correct option.
The smallest distance between two points that can be differentiated by the somatic sensory system
Identify the disorder that causes inability to recognize common objects by feeling them even though they can be recognized by sight or sound. Choose the correct option.
Astereognosia
Primary sensory afferent axons have widely varying diameters, and their size correlates with the type of receptor to which they are attached. Which of these axons are the smallest and the slowest? Choose the correct option.
Temperature, pain, and itch
What type of information does the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway carry? Choose the correct option.
Touch and vibration
At what point do the axons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway cross to the opposite side of the CNS? Choose the correct option.
The axons from the cells of the dorsal column nuclei decussate in the medulla.
At what point do the axons of the spinothalamic pathway cross to the opposite side of the CNS? Choose the correct option.
Axons of the spinothalamic pathway cross immediately in the spinal cord and ascend contralaterally.
Which of the following are somatic sensory areas of the parietal lobe? Choose the correct option.
Areas 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 5, and 7
Which quality of the somatic sensory cortical organization does the distortion of the sensory homunculus reflect? Choose the correct option.
The relative size of the cortex that is devoted to each body part is correlated with the density of the sensory input received from that part.
Which of the following primary afferent axons is the largest and fastest? Choose the correct option.
Aα
To which stimuli do the majority of nociceptors respond? Choose the correct option.
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical
Recent experiments have shown that synaptic transmission mediated by substance P is required to experience moderate to intense pain. True or false?
True
Information about pain and temperature is conducted more rapidly than information about touch and proprioception. True or false?
False
Damage to half of the spinal cord can result in a loss of pain and temperature sensation contralaterally and a loss of touch and proprioception ipsilaterally. True or false?
True
When a hair follicle, richly innervated with terminations of single axons,has erectile muscles which cause hair to bend, and cause deformation of the follicle and surrounding tissue
Goosebumps
Nocireceptors normally only respond to stimulii that is strong enough to damage tissue. When previously damaged tissue is sensitive, and intense pain is felt in this area with only a light touch, this term is called:-
Hyperalgesia
Nocireceptor axons from the viscera enter the spinal chord by the same route as the cutaneous nocireceptors, and there is substantial mixing of information from these two sources of input. This can give rise to the phenomenon called:-
Referred pain
Electrical stimulation of the PAG can cause profound analgesia.What does PAG stand for?
Periaqueductal gray matter
At a cellular level ________ exert multiple effects that include suppressing the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals and inhibiting neurons by hyperpolarising their postsynaptic membranes.
Endorphins