Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobics.
True
Proteus species often cause urinary tract infections.
True
Legionellosis is a zoonosis.
False
The Enterobacteriaceae do not produce oxidase compared to the pseudomonads that do produce oxidase.
True
The pathogen that causes Legionnaires' pneumonia also causes a milder infection called Pontiac fever.
True
Pseudomonas is an enteric gram-negative rod.
False
Plague is a quarantinable disease.
True
A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.
False
The IMViC series of biochemical tests are used to identify the Enterobacteriaceae.
True
Shigellosis is typically acquired via the respiratory route.
False
Patients with legionellosisshould be placed in isolation when hospitalized due to the contagious nature of the pathogen.
False
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) are typically resistant to carbapenem but sensitive to most other antibiotics.
False
Pseudomonads act as decomposers with the ability to degrade hundreds of natural substrates.
True
Due to its aerobic metabolism, P. aeruginosa differs from members of the Enterobacteriaceae.
True
Pseudomonas exhibits pink and green pigments during growth, which helps with identification.
False
Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas can both be grown on mannitol salt agar.
False
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia appears as a common contaminant of disinfectants and healthcare equipment.
True
Some bacterium in the genus Alcaligenes are isolated from feces.
True
Enteropathogenic strains of E. coli (EPEC) are linked to a wasting form of infantile diarrhea whose pathogenesis is not well understood.
True
Enterobacter is commonly associated with urinary tract infections.
True
Which are considered true enteric pathogens? Select All A) SalmonellaB) KlebsiellaC) ProteusD) EnterobacterE) Shigella
A) Salmonella E) Shigella
The bacteria classified as carbepenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)primarily are species within the genera. Select AllA) Klebsiella.B) Proteus.C) Enterobacter.D) Escherichia.E) Salmonella.
A) KlebsiellaC) EnterobacterD) Escherichia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isA) found in soil and water.B) an opportunist that produces many diverse enzymes.C) highly chemical resistant.D) motile.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes all the following, exceptA) severe nosocomial infection in burn patients.B) skin rashes from contaminated hot tubs and bath sponges.C) diarrheal illness.D) external ear infection.E) serious infection in lung tissue of cystic fibrosis patients.
C) diarrheal illness
Which color pigment is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?A) lemon yellowB) red-orangeC) goldenD) blue-greenE) pale orange
D) blue-green
Brucellosis isA) a zoonosis.B) seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness.C) associated with pathogen in the blood.D) an occupational illness of people that work with animalsE) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
Which is not associated with tularemia?A) The causative agent is a pathogen of concern on the lists of bioterrorism agents. B) Tularemia is transmitted by arthropod vectors.C) The reservoir can be rabbits and squirrels.D) Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia.E) In animals, tularemia infects the placenta and fetus.
E) In animals, tularemia infects the placenta and fetus.
Pasteurization of milk helps to preventA) tularemia.B) pertussis.C) legionellosisD) brucellosis.E) shigellosis.
D) brucellosis
Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent ofA) tularemia.B) pertussis.C) legionellosis.D) brucellosis.E) shigellosis.
A) tularemia
Pertussis has the following characteristics, exceptA) the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia.B) the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops".C) an early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.D) DTaP immunization will prevent it.E) transmission is by respiratory droplets.
B) the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops".
Legionella pneumophilaA) requires special lab growth media.B) often lives in close associations with amoebas.C) causes fever, cough, and diarrhea.D) causes a severe pneumonia.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) all of these choices are correct
Characteristics of all the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae includeA) lactose fermentation.B) their role as normal flora of human intestines.C) production of enterotoxins.D) glucose fermentation.E) All of these choices are correct.
D) glucose fermentation
Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?A) LegionellosisB) PertussisC) BrucellosisD) PlagueE) Traveler's diarrhea
A) Legionellosis
Genes for which of the following may be transferred between fecal bacteria?A) Toxin productionB) CapsulesC) FimbriaeD) HemolysinsE) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
Escherichia coli infectionsA) are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food.B) include urinary tract infections from normal flora strains.C) involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.D) can cause an inflammatory disease similar to Shigella dysentery.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
Which is mismatched?A) H antigen—fimbriaeB) K antigen—capsuleC) O antigen—cell wall, somaticD) All of these choices are correct.
A) H antigen—fimbriae
E. coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, exceptA) it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.B) it is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger.C) it causes a bloody diarrhea.D) its reservoir is cattle intestines.E) some cases go on to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with possible kidney failure.
A) it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
Salmonella areA) coliforms.B) motile.C) gram-positive rods.D) lactose fermenters.E) All of these choices are correct.
B) Motile
All of the following are coliforms that cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections, exceptA) Enterobacter.B) Citrobacter.C) Shigella.D) Klebsiella.E) Serratia.
C) Shigella.
Typhoid fever has the following characteristics, exceptA) it is spread by handling reptiles.B) it is transmitted by ingesting fecally contaminated food and water.C) chronic carriers harbor the pathogens in their gallbladder.D) it can infect the small intestine with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.E) it can become a septicemia, spread to lymph nodes and spleen, and cause liver abscesses.
A) it is spread by handling reptiles.
Salmonelloses areA) not caused by Salmonella typhi.B) associated with undercooked poultry and eggs, and reptile and rodent feces.C) gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.D) enteric fevers that often include septicemia.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
Which is incorrect about shigellosis?A) Outbreaks have occurred in day-care centers.B) It is characterized by watery diarrhea with bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal cramps.C) It frequently involves septicemia.D) Human carriers cause fecal transmission.E) It is also called bacillary dysentery.
C) It frequently involves septicemia.
Shigella species have the following characteristics, exceptA) they are non-motileB) they release endotoxin.C) they belong to Enterobacteriaceae.D) they infect the small intestine.E) they produce enterotoxin.
D) they infect the small intestine.
Salmonella typhiA) multiplies within phagocytes.B) is not a coliform.C) can be treated with antimicrobics.D) causes invasive infection of the small intestine.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
Yersinia pestisA) was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.B) has humans as an endemic reservoir.C) does not respond to antimicrobic drugs.D) is usually transmitted by a flea vector.E) All of these choices are correct.
D) is usually transmitted by a flea vector.
All of the following are associated with bubonic plague, exceptA) it is transmitted by human feces.B) it is caused by Yersinia pestis.C) the patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.D) the patient has fever, headache, nausea, weakness.E) it can progress to a septicemia.
A) it is transmitted by human feces.
Which of the following are true about plague?A) There is a septicemic form called the Black Death.B) There is a bubonic form, during which buboes develop.C) There is a pneumonic form, in which the sputum is highly contagious.D) The disease can be controlled by controlling therodent population.E) All of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cat bites or scratches isA) Salmonella typhimurium.B) Yersinia enterocolitica.C) Pasteurella multocida.D) Brucella suis.E) Francisella tularensis.
C) Pasteurella multocida.
Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis? A) It exhibits bipolar staining.B) It is a gram-negative rod.C) It produces coagulase enzyme.D) It has a capsule.E) It produces enterotoxin.
E) It produces enterotoxin.
Which of the following is not caused by Haemophilus influenzae? A) Bacterial meningitisB) Influenza (flu)C) Otitis mediaD) BronchitisE) Epiglottitis
B) Influenza (flu)
Which of the following is an agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid?A) Haemophilus aegyptiusB) Haemophilus influenzaeC) Haemophilus parainfluenzaeD) Haemophilus ducreyiE) Haemophilus aphrophilus
D) Haemophilus ducreyi
The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is A) DtaP.B) Pneumovax.C) MMR.D) Hib.
D) Hib
Although Burkholderia cepacia could be very useful in bioremediation programs, it is not feasible to use it. Why? A) Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract.B) Because it cannot be cultured in the lab to necessary numbers.C) Because it is too expensive at this time to grow it.D) It encourages the overgrowth of fungus in the environment, which is not desirable.E) It produces a foul odor making it a poor choice for most situations.
A) Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract.
Which of the following is normal oral and nasopharyngeal flora but is involved in infective endocarditis in adults who have underlying congenital or rheumatic heart disease? A) Haemophilus influenzaeB) Haemophilus aphrophilusC) Haemophilus aegyptiusD) Haemophilus ducreyiE) All of these choices are correct.
B) Haemophilus aphrophilus
A cause of epiglottitis in children and young adults is A) Haemophilus influenzae.B) Haemophilus ducreyi.C) Haemophilus aegyptius.D) Haemophilus parainfluenzae.E) Haemophilus aphrophilus.
A) Haemophilus influenzae.
Chancroidis characterized by A) sexual transmission.B) geographical distribution in the tropics and subtropics.C) lesions which develop at theportal of entry.D) bubo-like swelling of the lymph nodes.E) All of these choices are correct.these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct
All of the following are correct about salmonelloses except A) non-typhoidal strains of salmonella are zoonotic in origin.B) foods contaminated by rodent feces may cause outbreaks.C) outbreaks have been caused by eggs.D) drug resistance of salmonella is on the rise.E) strains are normal flora in dogs and cats.
E) strains are normal flora in dogs and cats
Nationwide, over 100,000 patients a year die from septic shock. This is due to A) the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of bacteria.B) lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall of bacteria.C) a cytotoxin similar to the diphtheria toxin.D) coagulase.E) a neurotoxin similar to botulin.
A) the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of bacteria.
What is incorrect about pertussis? A) A virulence factor of B. pertussis is toxins that destroy cilia cells is produced.B) The source of infection is direct contact with inhaled droplets.C) The paroxysmal stage is characterized by persistent coughing.D) The number of cases has been steadily decreasing since 1976.E) It can cause severe, life-threatening complications in babies.
D) The number of cases has been steadily decreasing since 1976.
The buildup of mucus and blockage of airways in pertussis is due to A) endotoxin.B) lipopolysaccharide.C) toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.E) the presence of a capsule.
C) toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.
Which of the following species was once considered so benign that microbiologists used it to trace movements of air currents in hospitals and over cities? A) MorganellaB) ProvidenciaC) CitrobacterD) SerratiaE) Legionella
D) Serratia
Up to 70% of travel-associated gastrointestinal diseases are caused by A) enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.B) Salmonella.C) Shigella dysenteriae.D) E. coli 0157:H7.E) enteroinvasive E. coli.
A) enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.
Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? A) eterotoxigeic strains of E. coliB) SalmonellaC) Shigella dysenteriaeD) E. coli 0157:H7E) eteroinvasive E. coli
D) E. coli 0157:H7
Which of the following is not correct concerning Legionnaires' disease? A) L. pneumophila lives in close associations with free-living amoebas.B) The disease is communicable from person to person.C) Symptoms include cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.D) It is more common in males over 50 years of age.E) Cases have been traced to the fallout from the Mount Saint Helen's volcano.
B) The disease is communicable from person to person.
Which of the following is not correct concerning the plague? A) Mice, voles, and other rodents are primary long-term reservoirs.B) It is transmitted by flea vectors.C) Less than 10 cases per year occur in the U.S.D) The etiological agent is Yersinia pestis.E) Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today compared to strains prevalent in the Middle Ages.
E) Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today compared to strains prevalent in the Middle Ages.
Although this bacteria is typically found in soil and water, burn wound patients are susceptible to __________ infection. A) Yersinia pestisB) Bordetella pertussisC) PseudomonasD) E. coli 0157:H7E) Shigella
C) Pseudomonas
Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The __________ stage lasts 1-2 weeks, while the __________ stage is characterized by severe coughing. A) primary; secondaryB) catarrhal; paroxysmalC) incubation; convalescentD) low T-cell; high macrophageE) incubation; invasion
B) catarrhal; paroxysmal
E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O111:H7 differ in their A) Gram reaction.B) capsular antigen.C) flagellar antigen.D) cell wall antigen.
D) cell wall antigen.
The designation CRE refers to A) a group of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics.B) an antibiotic that is effective against most gram-negative organisms.C) a number of gram-negative bacteria which frequently cause infections in childhood.D) a common methodology used in hospital inspections to enumerate and destroybacteria onsurfaces—count, record, eliminate.
A) a group of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics.
Occasionally when doing serologic testing to identify strains of Salmonella isolates, the test for different O antigens is negative. What is the most likely explanation? A) The H antigens are masking the O antigens.B) The K antigens are masking the O antigens.C) The K antigens are masking the H antigens.D) There is no O antigen present.
B) The K antigens are masking the O antigens.
Species of Shigella are characteristically non-motile. Based on this information you can predict that members of the Shigella genus A) have K antigens.B) do not have H antigens.C) will not grow on MacConkey agar.D) will not have O antigens.
B) do not have H antigens.
Which of the following bacterial genera contain members that are very similar physiologically to Pseudomonas and cause a similar spectrum of opportunistic infections? A) HemophilusB) StenotrophomonasC) BurkholderiaD) LegionellaE) both Burkholderia and StenotrophomonasF) All of these choices are correct.
E) both Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas
Fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and neurological impairment are symptoms associated with __________.
meningitis
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines is called __________.
gastroenteritis
Exotoxins that target and bind to surface receptors of the intestinal lining are specifically termed __________.
enterotoxins
The two true pathogenic enteric genera of the Enterobacteriaceae are __________ and __________.
Shigella, Salmonella
The member of the Enterobacteriaceae that has enteroinvasive, enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, and enterohemorrhagic strains is __________.
E. coli
Klebsiella has a large __________ that contributes to its ability to cause chronic lung infections.
Capsule
The transmission of a disease from animal to human is termed _______.
Zoonotic
Bordetella parapertussis causes a milder form of __________ __________.
Pertusis, Whooping cough
_______ serve as the primary reservoir for Legionella.
Ameoba
_______ are gram-negative normal enteric microbiota that ferments lactose within 48 hours.
Coliforms
The Family Enterobacteriaceae is traditionally divided into two subcategories: _______ and _______.
Coliforms, noncoliforms
In order to differentiate Yersinia from Shigellaa/an _____ test would be used.
urease
__________ and __________ epithelia are targeted sites of invasion by gram-negative bacteria that exchange genetic codes for toxins, capsules, and fimbriae.
intestinal, urinary
_______ exhibits a red pigment during growth at room temperature.
Serratia
A strain of Shigella was found on ______ in Baja California.
parsley