linear model of communication
theory that views communication as one way process in which a source conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver who then decides to decode that message
source
speaker
receiver
audience
encoding
when the speaker is converting the idea into words
message
the end result of the encoding process; the content/idea the speaker tries to convey to the audience
channel
the medium through which an encoded message is transmitted from a speaker to the audience; basically the voice of the speaker
decoding
the process of drawing meaning from the symbols that were used to encode a message; processing what the speech was about and what the speaker was trying to tell you
noise
anything that can change the message as the speaker encodes and sends it (after the speaker says it) it can be sounds, emotions, prejudice, hunger, distractions, etc.
Interactive model of communication
comm. theory that views communication as a two-way process that includes feedback and the environment (flaws: the audience doesn't want to include feedback)
feedback
the audience's response to a message that is sent to the sender (the speaker)
environment
where the speech takes place (noise is part of the environment, but not all of it)
environmental elements
beliefs, context, history, participants, physical setting, values, and relationships
transactional model of communication
the comm. theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver
similarities in conversation and speech
audience-centered, attention to feedback, goal-driven, logic is required, stories for effect
differences in conversation and speech
language choices, speeches requires more organization, use of notes, no interruptions, delivery style, physical arrangement
myths
public speaking is a talent, not a skill (you have to practice); speech is easy, we do it all the time; there's no right way to delivery a speech
External factors: outdoors
noises can be a distraction to audience, audience may move more, and are often controlled by the weather
external factors: indoors
large room (you may not know everyone and not everyone will hear you), small room (more intimate, can make presentation more like a conversation)
in-person
face to face
mediated
expectations increase since you have to do it before the actual presentation; it's already been recorded so has to be close to perfect