supraspinatus
origin is supraspinatus fossa of scapula and insertion is greater tubercle of humerus. helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus
coracobrachialis
flexes humerus, antagonist of supraspinatus
triceps brachii
extends arm at elbow
biceps brachii
powerful flexor of forearm; origin is glenoid process and coracoid process of scapula, insertion is radial tuberosity
brachialis
flexes elbow
palmaris longus
flexes wrist
extensor carpi radialis
abducts wrist and flexes hand at wrist, origin is medial epicondyle of humerus, insertion is base of 2 and 3 metacarpals
supinator
rotates forearm laterally
sartorius
abducts and laterally rotates femur, origin is iliac crest, insertion is proximal tibia/patella
gracilis
adducts femur/thigh
rectus femoris
part of quadriceps group, extends leg at knee
vastus lateralis
part of quadriceps group, extends leg at knee
gluteus maximus
heaviest muscle in body, extends/straightens leg at hip during walking
biceps femoris
part of hamstrings group, flexes knee and extends thigh, rotates thigh laterally
semitendinosus
part of hamstrings group
semimembranosus
part of hamstrings group
gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot, flexes leg at knee when foot is dorsiflexed
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
soleus
plantar flexes the foot, origin is lateral surface of head of fibula, insertion is calcaneus
longissimus capitus
helps maintain posture, extends head and rotates face/head to same side
hernia
protrusion of fat or intestine from abdominal wall
abdominal aponeuroses
tendons of various abdominal muscles that interlace at midline
auricular
wiggle ears
orbicularis oculi
blink eye, smile
zygomaticus major
smiling muscle, raises corners of mouth upwards
orbicularis oris
spincter muscle used for "puckering up" and whistling
mentalis
protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin, sad
buccinator
compresses cheek, allowing for rapid changes in volume of mouth cavity
platysma
sheet-like muscle in neck that pulls mouth (jaw) downward
nasalis
changes size of nasal openings
digastric
opens jaw
sternocleidomastoid
rotates face to opposite side, laterally flexes head to same side, origin is manubrium of sternum, insertion is mastoid process of temporal bone
rectus abdominus
major spine flexor, forms 6 pack and translates to "straight muscle of abdomen
external oblique
origin is lower 8 ribs, compresses abdomen; most external of abdominal muscles
internal oblique
compresses abdomen, middle layer; fibers point up to the head
transverse abdominus
compresses abdomen, deepest layer of ab muscles
linea alba
midline of chest where abdominal aponeuroses meet
serratus anterior
pulls scapula downward and forward
trapezius
origins are occipital bone and spines of cervical/thoracic vertebrae. insertions are clavicle and spine/acromion process of scapula. elevates scapula, carries tension
rhomboid major
adducts scapula
pectoralis major
prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction
latissimus dorsi
adducts and extends upper arm/shoulder, rotates humerus medially
deltoid
prime mover for upper arm/shoulder abductor, flexes/extends humerus