The articulatory system is composed of ____ & ____ articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds for speech
mobile & immobile
For speech, the ___ is the source, and the ______ are the filter.
vocal folds, articulators
The vocal tract consists of the _____, _____, _________, and the _________.
oral cavity, buccal cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx
Changing the ______ & _______ of the cavities provides variable resonance that produces sound.
shape & volume
____ are the structures used to produce sounds of speech.
articulators
The cranium is divided into two regions: ___ & _____.
neurocranium, viscerocranium
The upper portion of the neurocranium is called the ________.
calvarium
Which portion of the cranium houses the soft tissues of the skull? ______.
viscerocranium
What are the two small bones at the ridge of your nose called? _____.
nasal bones
What is the bony part of the nasal septum called? __________.
vomer
What is the posterior aspect of the hard palate? __________.
palatine bone
What is the anterior aspect of the hard palate?_________.
Maxilla
The _________ is part of the ethmoid bone.
cribriform plate
What are the 3 bony ossicles? ___, ___, & ________.
malleus, incus, & stapes
The bony curls in the nasal cavity that help with air flow are called _________.
turbinates/concha
The suture found between the frontal and parietal bone: ________.
coronal
The suture found between the right and left parietal bones: ______.
sagittal suture
The suture between the parietal and occipital bone: __________.
Lambdoid suture
The ______ is the part of the mandible where the body and ramus come together.
angle
The ___ of the mandible articulates with the skull (TMJ).
Head
What kind of joint is the TMJ? __________.
synovial joint
What are the two types of movements of the TMJ? ______ & _________.
Hinge (depression/elevation) & Glide (protrue/retrude)
What are the 4 muscles of mastication? _________, ______, ______, & ____ _____.
Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
What innervates the muscles of mastication? ________.
Mandibular branch of CNV
The teeth are housed in the _____ & the _____.
mandible & maxilla
What are the 4 types of teeth? ______, _______, ______, & _________.
Incisors, canines, premolars, & molar
Your "baby" teeth are also known as your ____________ teeth.
deciduous
What are the 5 surfaces of your teeth? _______, ________, ________, __________, & ________.
Medial, distal, buccal/labial, lingual/palatal, occlusal
What are the 3 regions of the tooth? _________, __________, & _________.
crown, neck, root
The _____ of the tooth is below the gum line (bottom ⅔).
root
The ________ of the tooth is between the root and crown.
neck
The ___ of the tooth is above the gum line, covered by enamel. (upper ⅓)
crown
What is the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures? _______.
Bregma
What is the intersection of the occipital and parietal sutures? ______.
Lambda
What is the process called when skull bones fuse too early? _________________.
craniosynostosis
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses? _______, ______, _______, & ______________.
maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
What is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, and one that has difficulty draining due to orientation? _______________.
maxillary
A __________ & ___________ can arise during embryonic development when certain processes do not fuse together.
clef palate
There are 4 things that need to fuse together properly to avoid a cleft palate/lip. These include: ______, ______, ______, & ____________.
Maxillary prominence, mandibular prominence, medial nasal process,and lateral nasal process
The palatine bone consists of: ________, ____________, & _____________.
Horizontal plate, perpendicular plate, orbital process
The _______ bone consists of a body and 3 major processes: greater and lesser wings, pterygoid processes.
sphenoid
What are the 4 segments of the temporal bone? ______, _________, _______, & ________________.
squamous, mastoid, tympanic, petrous
Which segment of the temporal bone houses the cochlea? ___________.
petrous portion
What are the 3 cartilages of the nasal cavity? ______________, ___________, & ____________.
Lateral, alar, septal
The posterior openings of the nasal cavity is called the ____________.
choanae
There are 3 turbinates (choncha) of the nasal cavity: ___________, __________, & _________.
superior, middle, & inferior
What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity? ________.
faucial pillars
What is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity? _______________.
oral opening
The palatoglossus is innervated by cranial nerve ____.
Vagus X
The buccal cavity is lined with a ________ epithelium.
stratified squamous
The _______ empties into the buccal cavity
parotid duct
What is the superior boundary of the pharynx? _________.
choanae
What is the inferior boundary of the pharynx? ________________.
vocal folds
What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx? ____, _______, & _________.
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeal pharynx
What is the stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by? ________.
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
What equalizes pressure in the middle ear? ________
Eustachian tube
What are the 4 lymphoid tissues? ______, _______, ____________, & ___________.
Adenoids, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils
What closes the eyelids? _________. What opens the eyelids? ______________.
Orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae superioris
What closes the lips? ________________.
orbicularis oris
What elevates the lips to smile? ________________________.
zygomaticus major and minor
What elevates the upper lip? ____________.
levator labii superiors
What thins (widens) the lips?_______________.
risorius
What is responsible for frowning? __________.
depressor angluli oris
What lowers the bottom lip? ______________.
depressor labii inferioris
What protrudes the bottom lip? ______________.
mentalis
What are the facial branches of CN VII? ___ __________.
temporal , zygomatic, buccal, mental, cervical,
What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles? ______________, ________, _____________, & ______________.
Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
What intrinsic muscle elevates the tip of the tongue? _____________________.
Superior longitudinal
What intrinsic muscle depresses the tip of the tongue? _____________________.
inferior longitudinal
What intrinsic muscle narrows the tongue? _________________________.
transverse
What intrinsic muscle flattens the tongue? __________________.
Verticle
Name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles. ___________________, _________________, ________________, & __________________.
genioglossus, hyoglossus, Styloglossus, palatoglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscle depresses the tongue, its anterior fibers retract tongue and its posterior fibers protrude tongue? _____________________.
Genioglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscle pulls the sides of the tongue inferiorly? _________________.
Hyoglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscle draws the tongue superiorly and posteriorly? _______________.`
Styloglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscle elevates the tongue and depresses the velum? ________________.
Palatoglossus
General sensation of the anterior ⅔ of tongue is innervated by the _________________________.
Mandibular branch of CN IX
Taste of the anterior ⅔ of the tongue is innervated by the ____ via the __________________.
CN VII, chorda tympani
General sensation and taste of the posterior ⅓ of the tongue is innervated by ________________.
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
List the 5 muscles of the soft palate. _______________, _____________, _________,____________________, & ________________.
Uvulae, tensor veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus, levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus
What muscle of the soft palate shortens the velum? ______________.
Uvulae
What muscle of the soft palate tenses the soft palate and opens the auditory tube when swallowing? ____________________.
tensor veli palatini
What muscle of the soft palate elevates the pharynx? ______________________.
salpingopharyngeous
What muscle of the soft palate elevates and retracts the velum? ______________________.
levator veli palatini
The soft palate acts as a ____________.
valve
What muscle of the soft palate depresses the velum, narrows the pharynx, and elevates the larynx? ________________.
valve
What is a sac-like outpouching of the pharynx through an area of muscular weakness? ______________________.
zinker diverticulitis
What are the 3 levator muscles of the pharynx? ________________, _______________, & ___________________.
Stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
List the 4 stages of deglutition: _______________, _______, ___________, & ______________.
Oral preparatory, oral propulsion, pharyngeal, esophageal