A frequency distribution lists the __________ of occurrences of each category of data, while a relative frequency distribution lists the _________ of occurrences of each category of data.
number; proportionNote: A frequency distribution lists the number of occurrences of each category of data.A relative frequency distribution lists the proportion of occurrences of each category of data
The pie chart below depicts the beverage size customers choose while at a fast food restaurant. Complete parts (a) through (c).A pie chart titled "Most popular beverage sizes at a restaurant" contains four sectors, each labeled with a beverage size and a percentage as follows: Medium, 20%; Large, 15%; XL, 56%; Small, 9%. The sectors' relative sizes correspond with the percentage labels(a) What is the most popular size? What percentage of customers choose this size?A.Small;9%B.Large;15%C.XL;56%D.Medium;20%(b) What is the least popular size? What percentage of customers choose this size?A.Medium;20%B.XL;56%C.Large;15%D.Small;9%(c) What percent of customers choose a medium-sized beverage?A.19%B.20%C.15%D.61%
(a) C.XL;56%(b) D. Small;9%(c) B. 20%
The following Pareto chart shows the position played by the most valuable player (MVP) in a certain baseball league for the last 71 years. Use the chart to answer parts (a) through (d).(a) Which position had the most MVPs?(b) How many MVPs played catcher (C)?(c) How many more MVPs played outfield (OF) than catcher?(d) There are three outfield positions (left field, center field, right field). Given this, how might the graph be misleading?
(a) A Pareto chart is a bar graph whose bars are in descending order. In a vertical bar graph, the height of each bar represents the frequency or relative frequency of the items in the corresponding category.This question is asking for a piece of information to be determined from the Pareto chart. Begin by identifying how the answer should be determined.The position that had the most MVPs is the category with the tallest bar.Therefore, the position was outfield (OF).(b)The number of MVPs that played catcher is the height of the corresponding bar.Using the chart, 6 MVPs played catcher.(c) Use the marks along the vertical axis to approximate a value that most closely corresponds to the top of the bar for outfield, and then find the difference with the result from part (b).From the chart, 31 MVPs played outfield.Now find the difference between the two values.31−6= 25Therefore, 25 more MVPs played outfield than catcher.(d) All the other categories on the chart correspond to a single position. By combining multiple positions into one category, the chart seems to show that a single position gets the most MVPs by a large margin, which is not necessarily true. The outfield MVPs could be roughly equally distributed among the three positions.
The following Pareto chart shows the position played by the most valuable player (MVP) in a certain baseball league for the last 74 years. Use the chart to answer parts (a) through (d).(there's an image of a chart)(a) Which position had the most MVPs?The position with the most MVPs was _______(b) How many MVPs played second base (2B)?(c) How many more MVPs played outfield (OF) than second base?(d) There are three outfield positions (left field, center field, right field). Given this, how might the graph be misleading?A.The positions or combinations of positions should be chosen so that all the bars are closer together in height.B.The graph is misleading because the bars are decreasing in height from left to right.C.The chart seems to show that one position has many more MVPs because three positions are combined into one. They should be separated.D.All the information is true, so the graph is not misleading.
a) The position with the most MVPs was outfield (OF).(b) 4 MVPs played second base.(c) 22 more MVPs played outfield than second base.(d) C. The chart seems to show that one position has many more MVPs because three positions are combined into one. They should be separated.
A national survey asked people, "How often do you eat out for dinner, instead of at home?" The frequencies were as follows. Complete parts (a) through (g).(Table) Response:NeverRarelySometimesMost of the timeAlwaysFrequency:152342913234103(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(b) What percentage of respondents answered "Always"?(c) What percentage of respondents answered "Never" or "Rarely"?(d) Construct a frequency bar graph.(e) Construct a relative frequency bar graph.(f) Construct a pie chart.(g) Suppose a person claims that, "5.9% of all people in the nation always eat out." Is this a descriptive or inferential statement?
(a) The relative frequency is the proportion (or percent) of observations within a category. It can be found by dividing the frequency by the sum of all of the frequencies.The sum of the frequencies is 1744.First, divide the frequency of the respondents who answered "Never" by the sum all of the frequencies. Find the relative frequency of the category "Never," rounding to three decimal places.152/1744 = 0.087Similarly, divide the frequency for the respondents who answered "Rarely" by the sum of all the frequencies. Find the relative frequency of the answer "Rarely," rounding to three decimal places.342/1744 = 0.196Continue in this manner and fill out the remainder of the relative frequency distribution, rounding to three decimal places.(Table) Response:NeverRarelySometimesMost of the timeAlwaysRelative Frequency:0.0870.1960.5240.1340.059(b) Multiply the relative frequency of "Always" by 100 to get the percentage.The percentage of respondents who answered "Always" is 5.9%, rounded to one decimal place.(c) Add the relative frequencies of "Never" and "Rarely."0.087+0.196=0.283Multiply that sum by 100 to get the percentage.The percentage of respondents who answered "Never" or "Rarely" is 28.3%.(d) A frequency bar graph is constructed by labeling each category of data on either the horizontal or vertical axis and the frequency of the category on the other axis. Rectangles of equal width are drawn for each category. The height of each rectangle represents the category's frequency.The frequency bar graph is shown below.A bar graph has a horizontal axis labeled with the five letters "N," "R," "S," "M," and "A" and a vertical axis labeled "Frequency" from 0 to 1000 in increments of 250. Five vertical bars extend from the horizontal axis over each horizontal axis label. The approximate heights of the five vertical bars, from left to right, are as follows: N, 150; R, 350; S, 925; M, 225; A, 100.(e) A relative frequency bar graph is constructed by labeling each category of data on either the horizontal or vertical axis and the relative frequency of the category on the other axis. Rectangles of equal width are drawn for each category. The height of each rectangle represents the category's relative frequency.The relative frequency bar graph is shown below.A bar graph has a horizontal axis labeled with the five letters "N," "R," "S," "M," and "A" and a vertical axis labeled "Relative Frequency" from 0 to 1 in increments of 0.1. Five vertical bars extend from the horizontal axis over each horizontal axis label. The approximate heights of the five vertical bars, from left to right, are as follows: N, 0.08; R, 0.2; S, 0.52; M, 0.14; A, 0.06.(f) A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors. Each sector represents a category of data. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the category.The pie chart is shown below.A pie chart is divided into five labeled sectors. The labels of the sectors and the approximate percentage of the pie chart which the sector accounts for are as follows: "N," 8 percent; "R," 20 percent; "S," 52 percent; "M," 14 percent; "A," 6 percent.(g) Recall that inferential statistics uses methods that take a result from a sample, extend it to the population, and measure the reliability of the result.Since this statement extends the result from the sample to the population, it is an inferential statement.
A national survey asked people, "How often do you eat out for dinner, instead of at home?" The frequencies were as follows. Complete parts (a) through (g).(Table)Response:NeverRarelySometimesMost of the timeAlwaysFrequency:33746496638838(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution of the data.(Table)Response:NeverRarelySometimesMost of the timeAlwaysRelative Frequency:______________________________(Round to three decimal places as needed.)(b) What percentage of respondents answered "Always"?(c) What percentage of respondents answered "Never" or "Rarely"?(d) Construct a frequency bar graph. Choose the correct answer below.(e) Construct a relative frequency bar graph. Choose the correct answer below.(g) Suppose a person claims that, "1.7% of all people in the nation always eat out." Is this a descriptive or inferential statement?a. descriptiveb. inferential
(a) Relative Frequency: 0.1540.2120.4400.1770.017(b) 1.7(c) 36.6(d) B(e) B(f) C(g) b. inferential
The data in the accompanying table represent the land area and highest elevation for each of seven states of a country. Complete parts (a) and (b).Click the icon to view the data table.(a) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for land area?(b) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for the highest elevation?
(a)A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors. Each sector represents a category of data. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the category.Note that in a pie chart, the frequencies refer to the whole.First check that there is a whole to compare the parts to.Since the area of each sector divided by the total land area equals the relative frequency of the category, it makes sense that the whole would be the total land area of all the states.Since there is a whole (the total land area) to compare the parts to, it would make sense to draw a pie chart for land area.It has been found that it makes sense to draw a pie chart. The pie chart will have seven sectors, or parts, that correspond to the seven categories, the land areas of the seven states. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the land area of each state.The relative frequency is the proportion (or percent) of observations within a category and is found using the formula shown below.Relative frequency = frequency / sum of all frequencies • 100%To find the sum of all frequencies, add the values of land areas of all seven states.Sum of all frequencies = 11,209 + 5,104 + 13,213 + 3,132 + 3,837 + 9,449 + 6,879Sum of all frequencies = 52,823Now find the relative frequency of each category. First find the relative frequency for State 1.Relative frequency = 11,209/52,823 • 100%Relative frequency ≈ 21%Find the relative frequencies of the land area for the remaining six states. The completed table is shown below. State:Relative FrequencyState 1 : 21State 2 : 10State 3 : 25State 4 : 6State 5 : 7State 6 : 18State 7 :13Use technology to construct a pie chart. The pie chart is shown below.A pie chart titled "Land Area" is divided into seven sectors with a legend that labels each sector. The sectors' labels are as follows: "State 1," 21 percent; "State 2," 10 percent; "State 3," 25 percent; "State 4," 6 percent; "State 5," 7 percent; "State 6," 18 percent; "State 7," 13 percent. The sectors' relative sizes correspond with the percentage labels.State 1 21% State 2 10% State 3 25% State 4 6% State 5 7% State 6 18% State 7 13%(b) Recall that in a pie chart, the percents refer to the whole.First check that there is a whole to compare the parts to.Since the highest elevation of each sector divided by the total highest elevation does not represent the relative frequency of the category, it does not make sense that the whole would be the total highest elevation of all the states.Since there is no whole to compare the parts to, it would not make sense to draw a pie chart for the highest elevation.
The data in the accompanying table represent the land area and highest elevation for each of seven states of a country. Complete parts (a) and (b).Click the icon to view the data table.StateLand area (square miles): Highest elevation (feet)State 1: 11,406:1,934State 2:5,100:1,606State 3:16,213:2,903State 4: 3,132:731State 5:3,837:1,851State 6:9,449:2,032State 7:6,879:2,283(a) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for land area?a. Yesb. No1. If it makes sense, draw a pie chart. Choose the correct answer below.(b) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for the highest elevation?a. Nob. Yes
(a) a. yes1. a. A pie chart titled "Land Area" is divided into seven sectors with a legend that labels each sector. The sectors' labels are as follows: "State 1," 20 percent; "State 2," 9 percent; "State 3," 29 percent; "State 4," 6 percent; "State 5," 7 percent; "State 6," 17 percent; "State 7," 12 percent. The sectors' relative sizes correspond with the percentage labels.(b) a. NoNote: The correct answer is No because there is no whole, that is, there is no total highest elevation, to compare the parts (the highest elevation of each state) to.OK
Consider the information in the "Why we can't lose weight" chart shown to the right, which is in the magazine style of graph. Could the information provided be organized into a pie chart? Why or why not?A chart titled "Why we can't lose weight" contains four labeled cheeseburgers that are descending in height from left to right with a percentage above each of them. For each cheeseburger, the label and percent are as follows, from left to right: "Metabolism too slow," 63%; "Don't exercise," 59%; "Don't have self-discipline," 50%; "Splurge on favorite foods," 49%.Choose the correct answer below.A.No. The values in the table are not decimals.B.Yes. The information could be organized into a pie chart.C.No. The percentages add up to more than 100%.D.No. There are more than 3 categories of data.
C. No. The percentages add up to more than 100%.Note: A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors. Each sector represents a category of data. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the category. This information can not be displayed as a pie chart.A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors. Each sector represents a category of data. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the category. The percentages of all the categories must add up to 100%.
_______ are the categories by which data are grouped.
Classes
The ______ class limit is the smallest value within the class and the ______ class limit is the largest value within the class.
Lower; upperNote: When continuous data are organized in tables, the data are categorized, or grouped, by intervals of numbers. Each interval represents a class.
The _________________ is the difference between consecutive lower class limits.
class widthNote: When continuous data are organized in tables, the data are categorized, or grouped, by intervals of numbers. Each interval represents a class. The lower class limit is the smallest value within the class and the upper class limit is the largest value within the class.The class width is the difference between consecutive lower class limits.
What is the shape of the distribution shown?A histogram with a horizontal axis labeled from 0 to 30 in increments of 3 and an unlabeled vertical axis contains 10 vertical bars. Assuming the rightmost bar has height 1, the bars have approximate heights as follows, where horizontal ranges are listed first and heights are listed second: 0 to 3, 6; 3 to 6, 10; 6 to 9, 13; 9 to 12, 9; 12 to 15, 6; 15 to 18, 5; 18 to 21, 2.5; 21 to 24, 2; 24 to 27, 1; 27 to 30, 1.Choose the correct answer below.a. Symmetric and bell-shapedb. Skewed rightc. Skewed leftd. Symmetric and uniform
b. Skewed rightNote: A graph that spreads out the frequencies for a variable evenly across all values of the variable has the shape of a symmetric and uniform distribution. Identify the location of the peak in the given distribnution and determine the shape of the graph.Notice that the distribution peaks from 6 to 9. The tail on the right side of this peak is longer than on the left side of the peak. Thus, the shape of the given graph is skewed to the right.
The data to the right represent the number of customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M. for 40consecutive Saturdays at Bobak's Restaurant. Complete parts (a) through (h) below.Row 1: 8, 5, 13, 3, 6, 6, 6, 7Row 2: 6, 7, 15, 7, 6, 1, 15, 11Row 3: 12, 11, 11, 4, 6, 8, 7, 5Row 4: 11, 6, 9, 4, 9, 7, 5, 9Row 5: 9, 8, 8, 3, 7, 4, 9, 9(a) Are these data discrete or continuous? Explain.(b) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.(c) Construct a relative frequency distribution of the data.(d) What percentage of the Saturdays had 7 or more customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.?(e) What percentage of the Saturdays had 6 or fewer customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.?(f) Construct a frequency histogram of the data.(g) Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data.(h) Describe the shape of the distribution.
(a) A discrete variable is a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. A continuous variable is a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable.The data is countable because it is possible to count the number of customers waiting for a table.Use this information to determine if the data are discrete or continuous.(b) A frequency distribution lists each category of data and the number of occurences for each category of data.To construct a frequency distribution for the data, use the categories shown below and count the number of data values that fall within each category.Number of Customers = Frequency1-3=34-6=137-9=1610-12=513-15=3(c) A relative frequency distribution lists each category of data together with the relative frequency.A relative frequency is the proportion (or percent) of observations within a category and is found using the formula below.Relative frequency=frequency/sum of all frequenciesUse the same categories that were used in part (b) for the frequency distribution. To begin, first determine the sum of all frequencies. Note that this sum is equal to the total number of values.3+13+16+5+3=40Now divide the frequency for each category by this sum to determine the relative frequency for each category.Number of Customers: Relative Frequency1-3: 340=0.0754-6: 1340=0.3257-9: 1640=0.410-12: 540=0.12513-15: 340=0.075(d) The relative frequency distribution found in part (c) shows the relative frequency of each category.Add the percentages for categories 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 to find the percentage of the Saturdays that had 7 or more customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.0.4+0.125+0.075=0.6Write this number as a percent.100%×0.6=60%Thus, 60% of Saturdays had 7 or more customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.(e)As in part (d), use the relative frequency distribution found in part (c) to determine this percentage.Add the percentages for categories 1-3 and 4-6 to find the percentage of the Saturdays that had 6 or fewer customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.0.075+0.325=0.4Write this number as a percent.100%×0.4=40%Thus, 40% of Saturdays had 6 or fewer customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.(f)A histogram is constructed by drawing rectangles for each class of data. In a frequency histogram, the height of each rectangle is the frequency of the class. The width of each rectangle is the same and the rectangles touch each other.Use the frequency distribution found in part (b) to construct the histogram. The correct histogram is shown to the right.A histogram with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Customers" from 1 to 16 in increments of 3 and a vertical axis labeled "Frequency" from 0 to 18 in increments of 1 contains five vertical bars. The heights of the bars are as follows, where horizontal ranges are listed first and heights are listed second: 1 to 4, 3; 4 to 7, 13; 7 to 10, 16; 10 to 13, 5; 13 to 16, 3.(g) In a relative frequency histogram, the height of each rectangle is the relative frequency of the class.Use the relative frequency distribution found in part (c) to construct the histogram. The correct histogram is shown to the right.A histogram with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Customers" from 1 to 16 in increments of 3 and a vertical axis labeled "Relative Frequency" from 0 to 0.6 in increments of 0.05 contains five vertical bars. The approximate heights of the bars are as follows, where horizontal ranges are listed first and heights are listed second: 1 to 4, 0.08; 4 to 7, 0.33; 7 to 10, 0.4; 10 to 13, 0.13; 13 to 16, 0.08.(h) A distribution is symmetric if the right and left sides are approximately mirror images if the histogram is split down the middle. A distribution is skewed right if the tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left of the peak, and a distribution is skewed left if the tail to the left of the peak is longer than the tail to the right of the peak.Use this information to describe the shape of the distribution.
The data to the right represent the number of customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M. for 40 consecutive Saturdays at Bobak's Restaurant. Complete parts (a) through (h) below.Row 1: 12, 13, 7, 7, 11, 7, 7, 5Row 2: 13, 12, 7, 10, 3, 11, 9, 10Row 3: 11, 12, 9, 3, 10, 11, 8, 11Row 4: 14, 14, 14, 6, 11, 9, 9, 14Row 5: 11, 13, 10, 12, 6, 9, 11, 10(a) Are these data discrete or continuous? Explain. A.The data are continuous because it was recorded for 40 consecutive Saturdays.B.The data are continuous because there are a finite or countable number of values.C.The data are discrete because it was recorded for 40 consecutive Saturdays.D.The data are discrete because there are a finite or countable number of values.(b) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.(c) Construct a relative frequency distribution of the data.Number of Customers1-34-67-910-1213-15Find the Relative Frequencies(d) What percentage of the Saturdays had 7 or more customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.?(e) What percentage of the Saturdays had 6 or fewer customers waiting for a table at 6:00 P.M.?(f) Construct a frequency histogram of the data. Choose the correct histogram below.(g) Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data. Choose the correct histogram below.(h) Describe the shape of the distribution. Choose the correct answer below.A.The distribution is skewed left because the left tail is longer than the right tail.B.The distribution is symmetric because the bars in the histograms are all approximately the same height.C.The distribution is skewed left because the right tail is longer than the left tail.D.The distribution is skewed right because the left tail is longer than the right tail.E.The distribution is symmetric because the left and right sides are approximately mirror images.F.The distribution is skewed right because the right tail is longer than the left tail.
(a) D. The data are discrete because there are a finite or countable number of values.(b) Frequency: 1-3=24-6=37-9=1110-12=1713-15=7(c)Relative Frequency: 1-3=0.054-6=0.0757-9=0.27510-12=0.42513-15=0.175(d) 87.5(e) 12.5(f) C.A histogram with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Customers" from 1 to 16 in increments of 3 and a vertical axis labeled "Frequency" from 0 to 21 in increments of 1 contains five vertical bars. The heights of the bars are as follows, where horizontal ranges are listed first and heights are listed second: 1 to 4, 2; 4 to 7, 3; 7 to 10, 11; 10 to 13, 17; 13 to 16, 7.(g) A histogram with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Customers" from 1 to 16 in increments of 3 and a vertical axis labeled "Relative Frequency" from 0 to 0.6 in increments of 0.05 contains five vertical bars. The approximate heights of the bars are as follows, where horizontal ranges are listed first and heights are listed second: 1 to 4, 0.05; 4 to 7, 0.08; 7 to 10, 0.28; 10 to 13, 0.43; 13 to 16, 0.18.(h) A. The distribution is skewed left because the left tail is longer than the right tail.Note: A distribution is symmetric if the right and left sides are approximately mirror images if the histogram is split down the middle. A distribution is skewed right if the tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left of the peak, and a distribution is skewed left if the tail to the left of the peak is longer than the tail to the right of the peak.
A researcher wanted to determine the number of televisions in households. He conducts a survey of 40 randomly selected households and obtained the data to the right. Draw a dot plot of the televisions per household.Row 1: 2,1,3,3,2,5,1Row 2: 1,2,2,3,1,1,0,4Row 3: 2,2,2,1,3,2,1,3Row 4: 2,3,1,2,1,1,4,3Row 5: 1,2,2,2,2,1,3,1Choose the correct dot plot below.A.A dot plot with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Televisions" from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 contains a column of stacked dots above each horizontal axis value. The numbers of dots in the columns are as follows, where the horizontal axis value is listed first and the number of dots is listed second: 0, 2; 1, 13; 2, 9; 3, 14; 4, 1; 5, 2.B.A dot plot with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Televisions" from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 contains a column of stacked dots above each horizontal axis value. The numbers of dots in the columns are as follows, where the horizontal axis value is listed first and the number of dots is listed second: 0, 1; 1, 13; 2, 14; 3, 9; 4, 2; 5, 1.C.A dot plot with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Televisions" from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 contains a column of stacked dots above each horizontal axis value. The numbers of dots in the columns are as follows, where the horizontal axis value is listed first and the number of dots is listed second: 0, 1; 1, 2; 2, 9; 3, 14; 4, 13; 5, 1.D.012345Number of TelevisionsA dot plot with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Televisions" from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 contains a column of stacked dots above each horizontal axis value. The numbers of dots in the columns are as follows, where the horizontal axis value is listed first and the number of dots is listed second
B.A dot plot with a horizontal axis labeled "Number of Televisions" from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 contains a column of stacked dots above each horizontal axis value. The numbers of dots in the columns are as follows, where the horizontal axis value is listed first and the number of dots is listed second: 0, 1; 1, 13; 2, 14; 3, 9; 4, 2; 5, 1.
Why shouldn't classes overlap when summarizing continuous data in a frequency or relative frequency distribution?Choose the correct answer below.A.Classes shouldn't overlap so that they are open ended.B.Classes shouldn't overlap so that the distribution is not skewed in one direction.C.Classes shouldn't overlap so there is no confusion as to which class an observation belongs.D.Classes shouldn't overlap so that the class width is as small as possible.
C. Classes shouldn't overlap so there is no confusion as to which class an observation belongs.Note: Whether the classes overlap will not affect the shape of the distribution.If classes were to overlap, there would be confusion as to which class an observation belongs. For example, with a first class of 20-30 and a second class of 30-40, there would be confusion as to which class an observation of 30 belongs. This could also lead to an observation such as 30 being included in both clases, which would lead to a distribution that does not accurately represent the data.
What is an ogive?Choose the correct answer below.A.A graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency for the classB.A bar graph whose bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequencyC.A circle divided into sectors, each sector representing a category of dataD.A graph that uses points, connected by line segments, to represent the frequency or relative frequency for each class
A. A graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency for the classNote: An ogive is a graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency for the class. It is constructed by plotting points whose x-coordinates are the upper class limits and whose y-coordinates are the cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies of the class. Then line segments are drawn connecting consecutive points. An additional line segment is drawn connecting the first point to the horizontal axis at a location representing the upper limit of the class that would precede the first class (if it existed).
Is the following statement true or false?When plotting an ogive, the plotted points have x-coordinates that are equal to the upper limits of each class.The statement is a. false.b. true
b. trueNote: The correct answer is true because an ogive is constructed by plotting points whose x-coordinates are the upper class limits and whose y-coordinates are the cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies of the class. Then line segments are drawn connecting consecutive points. An additional line segment is drawn connecting the first point to the horizontal axis at a location representing the upper limit of the class that would precede the first class (if it existed).
Determine the original set of data.1| 0 1 92| 1 4 4 7 73| 3 5 5 5 7 74| 0 1Legend: 1|0 represents 10The original set of data is _________(Use a comma to separate answers as needed. Use ascending order.)
In a stem-and-leaf plot, the stem of a data value will consist of the digits to the left of the right-most digit, and the leaf will consist of the right-most digit. The stems are written in a vertical column in increasing order, a vertical line is drawn to the right of the stems, and each leaf corresponding to the stems is written to the right of the vertical line in ascending order. A legend indicates what the values represent.The stem of the first data value in the stem-and-leaf plot is 1 and the leaf is 0. Using the legend, the first data value in the original set of data is 10.Using ascending order, the second data value has a stem of 1 and a leaf of 1. Therefore, the second data value is 11.Similarly, find the remaining data values in the original set of data.The original set of data is 10, 11, 19, 21, 24, 24, 27, 27, 33, 35, 35, 35, 37, 37, 40, 41.
Determine the original set of data.1| 0 1 22| 1 4 4 7 93| 3 5 5 5 7 84| 0 1Legend: 1|0 represents 10The original set of data is _________(Use a comma to separate answers as needed. Use ascending order.)
The original set of data is 10, 11, 12, 21, 24, 24, 27, 29, 33, 35, 35, 35, 37, 37, 38, 40, 41.Note: In a stem-and-leaf plot, the stem of a data value will consist of the digits to the left of the right-most digit, and the leaf will consist of the right-most digit. The stems are written in a vertical column in increasing order, a vertical line is drawn to the right of the stems, and each leaf corresponding to the stems is written to the right of the vertical line in ascending order. Use the legend to read the stem-and-leaf plot.
The accompanying relative frequency ogive represents the composite score on a standardized test for a high school graduating class. Complete parts (a) through (d) below.Click the icon to view the ogive.(a) What is the class width?(b) Approximately 10% of students had a composite score below what level?(c) What percentage of students had a composite score less than 18?(d) Twenty percent of students had a composite score above what level?
(a) An ogive is a graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency for the class. It is constructed by plotting points whose x-coordinates are the upper class limits and whose y-coordinates are the cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies. After the points for each class are plotted, line segments are drawn connecting consecutive points. An additional line segment is drawn connecting the point for the first class to the horizontal axis at a location representing the upper limit of the class that would precede the first class (if it existed).Note that the class width is the difference between the x-coordinates of consecutive points on the ogive.The class width is 3.(b) First, determine whether 10% corresponds to the x- or the y-coordinate of a point on the ogive.Since 10% is a relative frequency, it corresponds to the y-coordinate.Review the ogive and identify the score that corresponds to the cumulative relative frequency 10%.The score 12 corresponds to 10%.Approximately 10% of students had a composite score below 12.(c) First, determine whether 18 corresponds to the x- or the y-coordinate of a point on the ogive.Since 18 is a score, it corresponds to the x-coordinate.Review the ogive and identify the cumulative relative frequency that corresponds to the score 18.The score 18 corresponds to 70%.So, 70% of students had a composite score of 18 or below.(d) If 20% of the scores are above the level, there are 100%−20%=80% of the scores below the level.Notice that 80% corresponds to the y-coordinate of a point on the ogive.Review the ogive and identify the score that corresponds to the cumulative relative frequency 80%.The score 21 corresponds to 80%.Twenty percent of students had a composite score above 21.
The accompanying relative frequency ogive represents the composite score on a standardized test for a high school graduating class. Complete parts (a) through (d) below.Click the icon to view the ogive. (graph in note book)(a) What is the class width?(b) Approximately 20% of students had a composite score below what level?(c) What percentage of students had a composite score less than 24?(d) Ten percent of students had a composite score above what level?
(a) 4(b) 16(c) 85(d) 28
The data in the accompanying table represent the ages of the presidents of a country on their first days in office. Complete parts (a) and (b).Click the icon to view the data table.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot. Choose the correct answer below.(b) Describe the shape of the distribution.
(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot.In a stem-and-leaf plot, the stem of a data value will consist of the digits to the left of the right-most digit, and the leaf will consist of the right-most digit. To construct the plot, write the stems in a vertical column in increasing order, draw a vertical line to the right of the stems, and then write each leaf corresponding to the stems to the right of the vertical line in ascending order. Title the plot, and provide a legend to indicate what the values represent.Since the data appear rather bunched, use split stems. For example, rather than using one stem for the class of data 40-49 years, use two stems, one for the 40-44 interval and the second for the 45-49 interval.Similarly, rather than using one stem for the class of data 50-59 years, use two stems, one for the 50-54 interval and the second for the 55-59 interval.Similarly, rather than using one stem for the class of data 60-69 years, use two stems, one for the 60-64 interval and the second for the 65-69 interval.The stem-and-leaf plot of the data is shown below.President Ages4| 044| 6678995| 00111122444445| 5555666777776| 01112446| 589Legend: 4 | 0 represents 40 years(b) In a uniform distribution, the frequency of each value of the variable is evenly spread out across the values of the variable.In a bell-shaped distribution, the highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and right of the middle.In a distribution that's skewed right, the tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left of the peak.In a distribution that's skewed left, the tail to the left of the peak is longer than the tail to the right of the peak.The shape of the distribution can be determined by turning the stem-and-leaf plot of the data on its side.Use the stem-and-leaf plot from part (a) to describe the shape of the distribution.Since the highest frequency occurs in the middle (50-59 years) and frequencies tail off to the left and right of the middle, the distribution is bell shaped.
The data in the accompanying table represent the ages of the presidents of a country on their first days in office. Complete parts (a) and (b).Click the icon to view the data table.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot. Choose the correct answer below.(b) Describe the shape of the distribution. Choose the correct answer below.a. Skewed leftb. Bell shapedc. Skewed rightd. Uniform
(a)D. President Ages:4| 034| 6678995| 00111122444445| 555666777796| 01112446| 579Legend: 4 | 0 represents 40 yearsNote: In a stem-and-leaf plot, the stem of a data value will consist of the digits to the left of the right-most digit, and the leaf will consist of the right-most digit. To construct the plot, write the stems in a vertical column in increasing order, draw a vertical line to the right of the stems, and then write each leaf corresponding to the stems to the right of the vertical line in ascending order. Title the plot, and provide a legend to indicate what the values represent.Since the data appear rather bunched, use split stems. For example, rather than using one stem for the class of data 40-49 years, use two stems, one for the 40-44 interval and the second for the 45-49 interval.(b) b. Bell shapedNote: In a uniform distribution, the frequency of each value of the variable is evenly spread out across the values of the variable.In a bell-shaped distribution, the highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and right of the middle.In a distribution that's skewed right, the tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left of the peak.In a distribution that's skewed left, the tail to the left of the peak is longer than the tail to the right of the peak.The shape of the distribution can be determined by turning the stem-and-leaf plot of the data on its side.
The accompanying data represent the percentage of recent high school graduates (graduated within 12 months before the given year-end) who enrolled in college in the fall. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends.Click the icon to view the data table.
A time-series plot is obtained by plotting the time in which a variable is measured on the horizontal axis and the corresponding value of the variable on the vertical axis. Line segments are then drawn connecting the points.The time-series plot of the data is shown below.A time-series plot titled "College Enrollment" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from less than 1989 to 2005 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent Enrolled" from 58 to 70 in increments of 1. The following 17 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments: (1989, 59.6); (1990, 60.2); (1991, 62.4); (1992, 62); (1993, 62.6); (1994, 62); (1995, 62); (1996, 65.4); (1997, 67.2); (1998, 65.6); (1999, 63); (2000, 63.4); (2001, 61.8); (2002, 65.2); (2003, 64); (2004, 66.8); (2005, 68.8). All vertical coordinates are approximate.Time-series plots are very useful in identifying trends in the data over time.To identify and comment on any trends, determine the general change in the percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in college.Thus, the percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in college has generally increased, though there have been some down years.
The accompanying data represent the percentage of recent high school graduates (graduated within 12 months before the given year-end) who enrolled in college in the fall. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends.Click the icon to view the data table.(a)Choose the correct time-series plot below.A. A time-series plot titled "College Enrollment" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from less than 1989 to 2005 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent Enrolled" from 58 to 70 in increments of 1. The following 17 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments: (1989, 59.2); (1990, 60.2); (1991, 61.6); (1992, 61.8); (1993, 61.8); (1994, 61.8); (1995, 62.4); (1996, 62.6); (1997, 63); (1998, 63.4); (1999, 64); (2000, 65.2); (2001, 65.6); (2002, 65.6); (2003, 66.8); (2004, 67.6); (2005, 68.8). All vertical coordinates are approximate.B. A time-series plot titled "College Enrollment" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from less than 1989 to 2005 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent Enrolled" from 58 to 70 in increments of 1. The following 17 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments: (1989, 59.2); (1990, 60.2); (1991, 62.4); (1992, 61.8); (1993, 62.6); (1994, 61.8); (1995, 61.8); (1996, 65.6); (1997, 67.6); (1998, 65.6); (1999, 63); (2000, 63.4); (2001, 61.6); (2002, 65.2); (2003, 64); (2004, 66.8); (2005, 68.8). All vertical coordinates are approximate.C. A time-series plot titled "College Enrollment" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from less than 1989 to 2005 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent Enrolled" from 58 to 70 in increments of 1. The following 17 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments: (1989, 68.8); (1990, 66.8); (1991, 64); (1992, 65.2); (1993, 61.6); (1994, 63.4); (1995, 63); (1996, 65.6); (1997, 67.6); (1998, 65.6); (1999, 61.8); (2000, 61.8); (2001, 62.6); (2002, 61.8); (2003, 62.4); (2004, 59.6); (2005, 59.2). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(b) Comment on any trends. Choose the correct comment below.A.There are not any trends.B.The percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in college has generally increased, though there have been some down years.C.The percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in college has generally decreased, though there have been some up years.
(a) B. A time-series plot titled "College Enrollment" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from less than 1989 to 2005 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent Enrolled" from 58 to 70 in increments of 1. The following 17 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments: (1989, 59.2); (1990, 60.2); (1991, 62.4); (1992, 61.8); (1993, 62.6); (1994, 61.8); (1995, 61.8); (1996, 65.6); (1997, 67.6); (1998, 65.6); (1999, 63); (2000, 63.4); (2001, 61.6); (2002, 65.2); (2003, 64); (2004, 66.8); (2005, 68.8). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(b) B. The percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in college has generally increased, though there have been some down years.
The cumulative relative frequency for the last class must always be 1. Why?Choose the correct answer below.A.The last class must always have at least one value in it.B.All the observations are less than or equal to the last class.C.All the observations are less than the last class.
B. All the observations are less than or equal to the last class.Note: It is true that the last class must always have at least one value in it. However, that is not why the cumulative relative frequency for the last class must always be 1.The cumulative relative frequency displays the proportion (or percentage) of observations less than or equal to the class. Since all the observations are less than or equal to the last class, the cumulative relative frequency for it must be 1, or 100%.
A newspaper article claimed that the afternoon hours were the worst in terms of robberies and provided the graph to the right in support of this claim. Explain how this graph is misleading.(Graph Picture) A bar graph titled "Hourly Crime Distribution (Robbery)" has a vertical axis labeled "Percent of Robberies" from 0 to 25 plus in increments of 5 and a horizontal axis with 7 evenly-spaced labels. Vertical bars, all of equal width, the same color, and centered on the horizontal axis labels, extend up from the horizontal axis as follows from left to right, where horizontal axis values are listed first and approximate maximum vertical coordinates are listed second: "6a to 9a," 4; "9a to 12p," 6; "12p to 6p," 24; "6p to 9p," 18; "9p to 12a," 18; "12a to 3a," 17; "3a to 6a," 13.Choose the correct answer below.A.Not all of the time intervals are the same size. Redistributing the time interval so they are all the same size may lead to a different shape.B.The vertical axis has no units. This can mislead readers into thinking that the percentages are actually counts.C.All of the bars are the same color, so they tend to blend visually with each other. This makes the graph hard to read.D.The vertical axis stops at 25%. It should go all the way up to 100% to accurately show percentage data.
A. Not all of the time intervals are the same size. Redistributing the time interval so they are all the same size may lead to a different shape.Note: The bar for 12p-6p covers twice as many hours as the other bars. By combining two 3-hour periods, the bar looks larger compared to the others, making afternoon hours look more dangerous. When the bar is split into two periods, the graph may give a different impression.
The safety manager at Bumbler Enterprises provides the graph shown on the right to the plant manager and claims that the rate of worker injuries has been reduced by 75% over a 12-year period. Does the graph support his claim? Explain.(Graph) A bar graph titled "Proportion of Workers Injured" has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" with the years 1991 and 2003, from left to right, and a vertical axis labeled "Proportion" from 0.11 to 0.610 in increments of 0.05. Two vertical bars are centered above each horizontal axis label. The heights of the vertical bars are as follows: 1991, 0.51; 2003, 0.210.Choose the correct answer below.A.The graph does not support his claim. The vertical tick marks are too far apart to determine the exact value for the proportions.B.The graph supports his claim. The height of the bar for 2003 is less than or equal to 75% of the height of the bar for 1991.C.The graph does not support his claim. The vertical scale does not start at 0 which distorts the percent of change.D.The graph does not support his claim. The vertical scale is different for each bar.
C. The graph does not support his claim. The vertical scale does not start at 0 which distorts the percent of change.Note: Check the graph for graphical misrepresentations. The most common graphical misrepresentations of data involve the scale of the graph, an inconsistent scale, or a misplaced origin. Increments between tick marks should be constant, and scales for comparative graphs should be the same. Also, the baseline, or zero point, should be at the bottom of the graph and any graph that begins at a higher or lower value can be misleading.
The accompanying data represent health care expenditures per capita (per person) as a percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) for select years between 2007 and 2016. Gross domestic product is the total value of all goods and services created during the course of the year. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.Click the icon to view the data table.
(a) Construct a time-series plot that a politician would create to support the position that health care expenditures are increasing and must be slowed.The most common graphical misrepresentation of data is accomplished through manipulation of the scale of the graph. Increments between tick marks should remain constant, and scales for comparative graphs should be the same. In addition, readers will usually assume that the baseline, or zero point, is at the bottom of the graph. Starting the graph at a higher or lower point can be misleading.Determine the graph that seems to show the great growth of health care expenditures.The graph that supports the opinion of the politician is shown below.A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2007 to 2016 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Cost" from 7000 to 11000 in increments of 500. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are listed as follows: (2007, 7600), (2008, 7900), (2010, 8400), (2011, 8600), (2013, 9100), (2014, 9500), (2016, 10300). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(b) Construct a time-series plot that the health care industry would create to refute the opinion of the politician.Recall from part (a) some ways that graphical misrepresentation of data is accomplished.Determine the graph that seems to show little to no growth of health care expenditures.The graph that refutes the opinion of the politician is shown below.A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2007 to 2016 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent" from 0 to 8 in increments of 1. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2007, 5.5), (2008, 3.5), (2010, 3.3), (2011, 2.8), (2013, 2.2), (2014, 4.3), (2016, 5.0). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(c) Explain how different measures may be used to support two completely different positions.Review the different graphs above. Think about which changes were made to the graphs without altering the data sets themselves, and how these changes affected the graphs.
The accompanying data represent health care expenditures per capita (per person) as a percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) from 2008 to 2014. Gross domestic product is the total value of all goods and services created during the course of the year. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.Click the icon to view the data table.(a) Construct a time-series plot that a politician would create to support the position that health care expenditures are increasing and must be slowed. Choose the correct graph below.A. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Cost" from 7000 to 11000 in increments of 500. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are listed as follows: (2008, 7900), (2009, 8100), (2010, 8400), (2011, 8600), (2012, 8900), (2013, 9100), (2014, 9500). All vertical coordinates are approximate.B.A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis, labeled "Cost" from 0 to 25000 in increments of 5000. 7 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 7900), (2009, 8100), (2010, 8400), (2011, 8600), (2012, 8900), (2013, 9100), (2014, 9500). All vertical coordinates are approximate.C.A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent" from 2 to 6 in increments of 1. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 3), (2009, 3.4), (2010, 3.3), (2011, 2.8), (2012, 3.2), (2013, 2.2), (2014, 4.8). All vertical coordinates are approximate.D.A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent" from 0 to 8 in increments of 1. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 3.5), (2009, 3.1), (2010, 3.3), (2011, 2.8), (2012, 3.2), (2013, 2.2), (2014, 4.3). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(b) Construct a time-series plot that the health care industry would create to refute the opinion of the politician. Choose the correct graph below.A. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 plus in increments of 1 and a vertical axis, labeled "Percent" from 0 to 6 in increments of 2. 7 points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 2.8), (2009, 3.3), (2010, 3.2), (2011, 3.1), (2012, 2.2), (2013, 3.5), (2014, 4.3). All vertical coordinates and heights are approximate.B. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent" from 0 to 8 in increments of 1. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 3.5), (2009, 3.1), (2010, 3.3), (2011, 2.8), (2012, 3.2), (2013, 2.2), (2014, 4.3). All vertical coordinates are approximate.C. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Cost" from 7000 to 11000 with tick marks in increments of 500 beginning at 7000 and a tick mark at 11000. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 8600), (2009, 8400), (2010, 8900), (2011, 8100), (2012, 9100), (2013, 7900), (2014, 9500). All vertical coordinates are approximate.D. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Cost" from 7000 to 11000 in increments of 500. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are listed as follows: (2008, 7900), (2009, 8100), (2010, 8400), (2011, 8600), (2012, 8900), (2013, 9100), (2014, 9500). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(c) Explain how different measures may be used to support two completely different positions. Choose the correct answer below.A.Values can be left out of the graph so that the graph supports the position.B.The scales used in the graph can significantly affect the message. Also, the variable used to convey the message on the graph can make a large difference as well.C.The type of graph used to display the data can significantly affect the message. For example, using a bar graph versus a time series plot can make a large difference.
(a)A. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Cost" from 7000 to 11000 in increments of 500. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are listed as follows: (2008, 7900), (2009, 8100), (2010, 8400), (2011, 8600), (2012, 8900), (2013, 9100), (2014, 9500). All vertical coordinates are approximate.(b)B. A time-series plot has a horizontal axis labeled "Year" from 2008 to 2014 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled "Percent" from 0 to 8 in increments of 1. Seven points are plotted and connected from left to right by line segments, where the points' coordinates are as follows: (2008, 3.5), (2009, 3.1), (2010, 3.3), (2011, 2.8), (2012, 3.2), (2013, 2.2), (2014, 4.3). All vertical coordinates are approximateNote: Determine the graph that best shows that health care expenditures are not dramatically increasing over the given years.(c)B. The scales used in the graph can significantly affect the message. Also, the variable used to convey the message on the graph can make a large difference as well.
Between 1980 and 2012, the number of adults in a certain country who were overweight more than doubled from 18% to 38%.Use this information to answer parts a and b.
(a) Construct a graphic that is not misleading to depict this situation.Use a bar graph with bars for the 1980 overweight percentage and for the 2012 percentage. It is given that the percentage more than doubled from 18% to 38% during this period. Therefore, the bar for 1980 should have a height of 18 and the bar for 2012 should have a height of 38.To make this graphic not misleading, the scale of the vertical axis should keep the size of the bars proportional to each other. Also, ensure that 0 is visible on the vertical axis.A sample correct graph is shown to the right.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 18 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 38 percent.(b) Construct a misleading graphic that makes it appear that the percent of overweight adults has more than tripled between 1980 and 2012.The actual height of the bars could be disguised by starting the graph at a value other than zero or by making the vertical scale inconsistent. You can use this to manipulate the size of the bars relative to each other.The misleading graph should make it seem as if the 2012 percentage of overweight adults is more than 3 times the 1980 percentage. The bar for 1980 should still end at 18 and the bar for 2012 should still end at 38.Starting the percentage values at 15 will create a graph with the illusion that the 2012 bar is more than 3 times the 1980 percentage. A sample correct graph is shown to the right.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 15 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 15 percent and ends at 18 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 15 percent and ends at 38 percent.
Between 1980 and 2012, the number of adults in a certain country who were overweight more than doubled from 12% to 26%. Use this information to answer parts a and b.(a) Construct a graphic that is not misleading to depict this situation. Choose the correct graph below.A.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 17 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 35 percent.B.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 7 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 14 percent.C.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 26 percent.D.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 22 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 24 percent.(b) Construct a misleading graphic that makes it appear that the percent of overweight adults has more than tripled between 1980 and 2012. Choose the correct graph below.A.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 26 percent.B. bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 10 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 10 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 10 percent and ends at 26 percent.C.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 5 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 5 percent and ends at 17 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 5 percent and ends at 21 percent.D.A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at -5 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at -5 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at -5 percent and ends at 26 percent.
(a)C. A bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 0 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 0 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 0 percent and ends at 26 percent.Note: Check your answer carefully. Choose the graph with the 1980 percentage equal to the given value for 1980 and the 2012 percentage equal to the given value for 2012. The length of the 2012 bar should appear to be slightly more than double the height of the 1980 bar.(b) B. bar graph with two vertical bars. The horizontal axis represents the years 1980 and 2012. The vertical axis begins at 10 and represents the percentage of overweight adults for the corresponding year. The bar for 1980 begins at 10 percent and ends at 12 percent. The bar for 2012 begins at 10 percent and ends at 26 percent.