Diction
word choice
Connotation
something associated with the word
Denotation
dictionary definition
Colloquialism
casual, culture language
Euphemism
less offensive substitution for a word
Invective
abusive language
Alliteration
repeated first letter
Allusion
reference to something well known
Aphorism
short, witty, statement that tells life truth
Apostrophe
addressing something not there with passion
Metaphor
comparison of two different things
Extended Metaphor
long metaphor
Hyperbole
exaggeration
Imagery
language that invokes the senses
Metonymy
something closely associated with the object is substituted for it
Onomatopoeia
sound words
Personification
human characteristics to non human things
Pun
play on words
Repetition
repeating words or phrases
Simile
comparison using like or as
Synecdoche
part represents whole , car = wheels
Symbolism
meaning beyond what is stated
Allegory
story told on two levels
Analogy
comparison of two similar things
Anaphora
repetition of words at beginning- 'It was' in Tale of Two Citites
Antithesis
contradictory words/ ideas- 'I long and dread the close'
Asyndeton
lack of conjunctions- "I came, I saw, I conquered
Chiasmus
reverse of word order into otherwise parallel sentences- "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.
Cliche
overused saying
Epistophe
repetition of phrase at end
Homily
sermon
Inversion
reversal of normal word order
Loose Sentence
the independent clause is elaborated by addition- "Florida is a great vacation spot for families, with Disney World, Universal Studios, and Sea World.
Oxymoron
two contradictory terms used together for one meaning- "Jumbo shrimp
Paradox
self contradictory statement- "I can resist anything but temptation
Parallelism
repetition of successive clauses and phrases-"This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed
Parody
humorous imitation
Periodic Sentence
reaches main clause at the end-"Halfway between West Egg and New York City sprawls a desolate plain, a gray valley where New York's ashes are dumped" or "In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued
Polysyndeton
use of lots of conjunctions-"They lived and laughed and loved and left.
Rhetorical Question
not meant to be answered
Sarcasm
aka Verbal Irony, saying one thing and meaning another
Satire
mocking imitation suggesting change
Syntax
grammatical construction of sentence
Understatement
saying less than what is meant
Syllogism
if a happens, and b happens, then c will happen-"All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.