Chemistry Chapter 1

what is a mixture?

a kind of matter that can be seperated by physical means into other kinds of matter.

what are the two types of mixtures?

homogeneous: non-uniform throughoutheterogeneous: uniform throughout.

what is the difference between a law and a theory?

A LAW IS A CONCISE STATEMENT OR MATHEMATICAL EQUATION DESCRIBING A FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP OR REGULARITY OF NATURE does not OFFER AN EXPLANATION, WHILE A THEORY IS A TESTED EXPLANATION, CANNOT BE PROVE, AND MAY BE MODIFIED.

What is the law of conservation of mass?

The total mass remains constand during a chemical change (reaction) because mass cannot be created or destroyed.

what is precision?

the CLOSENESS to the set of calues obtained from repeated measurement of the same quantity. Not neccessarily accurate.

what is accuracy?

the closeness of a single measurement to its true value.

mega

10^6

kilo

10^3

deci

10^-1

centi

10^-2

mili

10^-2

micro

10^-6

nano

10^-9

pico

10^-10

Temperature:

the measure of "hotness". It is related to how energetic the molecules are in a particular sample.

Heat:

A quantity of energy transferred in a chemical reaction. Heat flows from an area of high temp. to an area od lower temp.

the formula for going from degrees celcuis to degrees KELVIN

C + 273.15K = C

Celcius to Farenheight

F = (C x 1.8) +32F

Farenheight to Celcuis

C= F - 32F / 1.8

Kelvin to Celcius

C = (K-273.15K)

Chemical Formula:

a notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of elements uin a substance.

molecular compound:

a definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together.

Molecular formula:

a formula giving the exact number of different atoms iof an atoms in a molecule.

Ion:

electrically charged particle obtained from an atom or group of atoms by adding or removing one or more electrons.