Emergency Response of ATC

After an incident occurs, what is involved in the Primary survey?

ABC � airway, breathing, circulationResponse (conscious or unconscious, slow or normal)Call 911 if needed

What is involved in the Secondary survey?

HOPS + F (written in SOAP note form)Performed on the field and off the field

What situations constitute life threatening emergencies (LTE)?

Head or neck (spinal)Asthmatic/diabeticStrokeFractures with gross deformityLOC (loss of consciousness)Heat illness � heat stroke

What are signs and symptoms (S/S) of a LTE?

Not breathingNo pulseHemorrhageShock

How should an AT plan ahead for LTE?

Obtain * Typed directions to hospital and post them * Phone locations � cell phones don�t receive signal from absolutely everywhereIdentify personnel (and what their responsibilities will be) * Who is/isn�t CPR/FA certifiedEstablish roles * Who calls, meets, informs parties involved * Who keeps records � if a person has lost conscious or seizing, someone needs to keep account of what�s happened thus far (�He�s been unconscious for 30 seconds�, �His seizure lasted 2 minutes�, etc.)Meet with EMS to: * Give directions (on how to get to your facility) * Establish communication, rapport * Review equipment * Establish coverage dates (when they will need to be on call)

What vitals should be examined after an incident occurs?

State of ConsciousnessPulse * Changes can be due to medications, age exertion, condition, etc. * Normal 60-80 (may be lower in well conditioned athletes)Respiratory Rate * 10-12 breaths per minuteTemperature * Check for flush tips of ears or cheeks * Important to have a baseline temp recorded on file (not everyone has a baseline temp of 98.6, some are lower and higher)Blood Pressure * Normal 110/70 (new guidelines): HBP>140/80 (hypertension)Skin Color * Red skin may indicate heat illness * Pale skin may indicate shock or hemorrhage * Cyanotic skin may indicate airway obstructionPupils * Constricted may indicate Central Nervous System depressant * Dilation may indicate head trauma or stimulant drug * Response is more important than size (Use PEARL � Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light)Movement (whether its normal or abnormal)Abnormal Nerve Response (heat/cold, soft/prick, lack of response to Babinsky test)

What is "shock"?

A life threatening condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood/oxygen to the bodyTypically, shock is preceded by a serious injury, but the shock must be attended to before the gross deformity/injury

What are S/S of shock? What factors predispose an individual to shock?

S/S:Pale, clammy skinRapid shallow breathingDecreased BPRapid but weak pulseProfuse sweatingFactors:AgeConditionPain toleranceDiseaseDehydrationFatigue

What are the different types of shock?

Hypovolemic � Due to blood lossRespiratory � Lungs are unable to supply oxygen to bloodNeurogenic shock � Dilation of blood vesselsPsychogenic shock � Fainting (*Potential Bonus ?*: Syncope � Fainting due to lack of blood flow and therefore oxygen to the brain)Septic shock � Bacterial infectionAnaphylactic shock � Severe allergic reaction

What steps should an AT take if it appears an athlete has suffered a head/spinal injury?

Check LOC (level of consciousness)Check vitalsCheck neurological responseTransport as necessary - �When in doubt, ship them out�DO NOT REMOVE HELMETS WITHOUT REMOVING SHOULDER PADS (Usually no reason to removes the shoulder pads anyway)DO NOT SHAKE THE ATHLETEDO NOT LET OTHER TEAM MEMBERS TOUCH ATHLETE