Splenius Capitis: Attachments
Nuchal Ligament spinous processes of C7 - T3/T4Mastoid processLateral 1/3 superior nuchal line
Splenius Capitis: Innervation & Blood Supply
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (C4 - C8)Branches of Occipital A.Transverse Cervical A. (superficial branches)
Splenius Capitis: Actions
Alone: Lateral flex neck and rotate head to side. Together: Extend head and neck
Splenius Cervicis: Attachments
Nuchal LigamentSpinous processes of T3 - T6Transverse processes C1 - C3/C4
Splenius Cervicis: Innervation & Blood Supply
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (C4 - C8)Branches of Occipital A.Transverse Cervical A. (superficial branches)
Splenius Cervicis: Actions
Alone: Lateral flex neck and rotate head to side. Together: Extend head and neck
Iliocostalis: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5LUMBORUM / THORACIS / CERVICIS Fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervicle transverse processes
Iliocostalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Iliocostalis: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction) Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
Longissimus: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITISFibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracis and cervical regions, and to mastoid process
Longissimus: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Longissimus: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction) Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
Spinalis: Attachments
Sacrum, Illiac crest, Spinous process of T11 - L5THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITISFibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic regions and to cranium
Spinalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Spinalis: Actions
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement as their fibers are lengthened (eccentric contraction) Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
Semispinalis: Attachments
Transverse processes of C4 - T12THORACIS / CERVICIS / CAPITIS Occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracis and cervical regions(spanning 4-6 segments)
Semispinalis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Semispinalis: Actions
Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column Rotates spine and head contralaterally
Multifidis: Attachments
Sacrum, illium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, transverse processes of all vertebra except C1 - C3Spinous processes of all vertebra except C2 (fibers insert 2-4 segments superior to origin)
Multifidis: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Multifidis: Actions
ExtensionStabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
Rotatores: Attachments
Transverse processes of vertebrae (developed best in thoracic region)Junction of lamina and transverse process of vertebra immediately superior to origin(1 segment = brevis) (2 segments = longus)
Rotatores: Innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental)
Rotatores: Actions
Rotate the spine!
Minor Deep Back Muscles: Location, Action, Innervation
Interspinales / Intertransversarii / Levatores Costarum (Medial to Lateral) Minor role in spinal stabilityPosterior Rami EXCEPT the lateral parts of intertransversarii m. (anterior rami)
Actions of Erector Spinae Group
UnilaterallyLateral flexion to ipsilateral sideControl bending to contralateral sideBilaterallyTrunk extensionStabilize during flexion
Actions of Transversospinal Group
UnilaterallyRotationBilaterallyStabilization
Actions of Splenius Muscles
UnilaterallyRotationBilaterallyHead flexion / extension