X0
1
X-a
1/Xa
Exponential Notation
Less than one or greater than 10
Scientific Notation
Between 1-10
MADD
Multiply (needs) Add (exponents)When multiplying numbers with exponents, add the exponents.
Dividing Exponent Numbers
Subtract the exponents
SNEL
Shortest Number Extreme LeftUs for Multiplication and Division
Xa
1/X-a
Adding and Subtracting Exponent Numbers
Make them match and bring them downMake exponents match by choosing one number to remain the same, manipulate the other accordingly. Final answer will have shared exponent.
SNAD
Shortest Number After DecimalUse with adding and subtracting exponent number 1) Determine Shortes # (Beads)2) Draw the lin after the decimal equal to the # of beads3) Round as needed
Rounding with SNEL and SNAD
If it is Odd- ADD (Round UP)If it is Even- L'Even (Do Nothing)
Multiple Step Problem with ExponentsIncluding +, -, x, /
Do all steps as usualDetermine SNEL based on all numbers in final answer- choose shortestComplete SNEL on final answerDo not include any certain numbers (Whole #)
Interpreting Equations
(a)= (b)/cDirect Relationship--> across from each other, seperated by =Move together(A)= B/(C)Indirect RelationshipMove opposite
Logorithim
Logical ArithmaticExoponent
PEMDASPlease Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
( ), Xx, X, /, +, -
Intrinsic
Does not rely on size of sample Color, Ratios, Temperatures
Periodisity
Repeats self in a predictable manner
Group 1A
Alkali Metals
Group 2A
Alkali Earth Metals
Group 7A
Halogen
Group 8A
Rare Inert Noble Gases(RIN)
Periodict Table Columns
Groups
Periodic Table Rows
Period
Z
Atomic NumberWhole Numbers (Integers)Number of protons and electrons
A
Atomic Mass NumberAverage of all isotopes
Metals
To left of Staircase
Nonmetals
To right of stair case
Metaloid
On the staircase (but not in front of)Sometimes acts like and resembles a metal
Chemical Reactivity
Based on electorns in outermost shell# of electorns in outermost shell is stated by Group Number (1 in 1, 2 in 2, etc.)
Picometer
How radius is measured10-12
Otet Rule
I will bond with someone if I can get 8 Electrons in my outer most shell.1A bonds with 7A2A bonds with 6A8A does not bond as it is complete (NOBLE gases)
2n2
How to determine the number of electrons on each ringNe- Group 8A8 ringsRing 1: 2(1)2= 2 electronsRing 2: 2(2)2= 8 electronsRing 3: 2(3)2= 18 electrons
Covalent Bonding
Sharing ElectronsWeaker bondCalifornia
Ionic Bonding
Very strongOpposit charges attract like magnetsTransfering of electrons (stealing electrons)Brooklyn Bonding
Ion
Run in GreekChange in balance of electrons and protons
Isotope
Atoms having same atomic # but different mass # because they have a different # of neutrons in the nucleus.
Cations
#NAME?
AnIons
(-) chargedGain an ElectronLarger than an atom
Pupose of Neutron
Buffer the destructive properties of protons and electrons.
A-Z=N
(Atomic Mass Number) - (Atomic Number)= number of Neutrons
Find Atomic Mass #
1) Multiply mass # by weighted percentage (must all add up to 100)2) Add the mass numbers (result of multiplication)3) Divide total by 1004) Perform SNEL on final number
MoleAvogadro's Number
6.02x1023
Oxygen bonding
2 bonds and 2 lone pairs
Significant Figures
Digets recordered in measurement (certain or uncertain)0 before decimal point are significant0 are NOT significant without decimal point
Precision
How close measurments are in a series to one another
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to actual value
Molecule
Independent structure consisting of 2 or more atoms chemically bound together
Compound
matter composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically bound
Mega-
M106
Kilo-
k103
Centi-
c10-2
Milli
m10-3
Mole of amu
1 gramgrams/ mole= amumeasurement of chemicical protions
Micro
u10-6
Molecular Weight
amu added upexample: CO2= 12+(2x16)=44.0g/mole