Equine Vertebral Formula
C - 7T - 18L - 6S - 5Ca- 15-21
Vertebral columnar movements are mainly dorsal, ventral and lateral ______?
Flexion
The least amount of regional or segmental movement occurs in the _____?
Thorax and Lumbar Areas
Limited movement in the thorax and lumbar is due to?
1) Interspinous Ligaments2) Intertransverse Ligaments3) Some Lumbar Transverse Processes
The lumbar part constitutes what percentage of the total length of the vertebral column?
10%
Forelimb:Hindlimb weight bearing ratio
55:45:00
Dorsoscapular Ligament is comprised of?
1) Superficial Layer2) Middle Layer3) Deep Layer
Muscles of the Neck
1) Brachiocephalicus2) Sternocephalicus3) Splenius4) Sternohyoid5) Sternothryoideus6) Longus capitis7) Longus colli
Muscles of the occipito-atlanto-axial joints
1) Rectus capitis dorsalis major2) Rectus capitis dorsalis minor3) Obliquus capitis cranialis4) Obliquus capitis caudalis5) Rectus capitis lateralis6) Rectus capitis ventralis
Two parts of the Ligamentum Nuchae
1) Funiculus nuchae2) Lamina nuchae
Bursae associated with the Nuchal Ligament
1) Cranial Nuchal Bursa2) Caudal Nuchal Bursa3) Supraspinous Bursa
The muscular groove where the external jugular vein lies is known as the?
Jugular Groove
The jugular vein is bounded by which muscles and in which directions?
1) Cleidomastoideus (dorsally)2) Sternocephalicus (ventrally)3) Omohyoideus (medially)
The jugular vein is covered caudoventrally by which muscle?
cutaneous colli muscle
Jugular venipuncture is done at what part of the vein?
The cranial part of the vein.
Boundaries of the viseral space of the neck:
1) Sternothyroideus & Sternohyoideus (Ventrally) 2) Omohyoideus & Sternocephalicus (Laterally)3) Longus colli & Longus capitis (Dorsally)
Contents of the visceral space of the neck:
1) Cervical Trachea2) Cervical Esophagus3) Cervical Thymus4) Carotid Sheath5) Reccurent Laryngeal Nerve6) Tracheal Duct
Contents of the Carotid Sheath
1) Common Carotid Artery 2) Vagosympathetic Trunk No Internal Jugular Vein In The Horse
What are the borders of the Jugular Groove?
Cleidomastoideus (Dorsal)Sternocephalicus (Ventral)
Name the two divisions of the Brachiocephalicus.
Cleidomastoideus and Cleidobrachialis
Which muscle lies between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein?
Omohyoideus
Name the parts of Viborg's Triangle.
1) Lingual Facial Vein2) Ramus of Mandible3) Tendon of Sternocephalicus