Prokaryotic cells do not have a __________ or membrane bound organelles
true nucleus
Some bacteria are photosynthetic. True or FalseTrue False
TRUE
Prokaryotic surface to volume ratio is 20 times greater than in a typical human _____
cell
Eukaryotic cells include what 4 kingdoms?
Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants
How many layers surround Gram Negative bacterium?
3
Most bacterial cell capsules are made of _______
polysaccharides
In a bacterial cell the periplasm is the
compartment that lies between the outer and cytoplasmic membrane
Gram-Negative bacteria have an outer cell membrane and are __________to many toxic substances.
resistant
Clostridium perfringens is Gram___________.
positive
The cell wall of bacteria is found in Gram negative and Gram ________ bacterium.
positive
Bacilli are ________shaped.
rod
Coccu is ________shaped
spherical
Spirillum is ________shaped.
spiral
Vibrios are ______shaped.
comma
A species of Vibrio causes __________.
Cholera
Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall but do not lyse because they do not contain
turgor pressure
Pili are _____appendages that allow bacteria to attach to surfaces, bacteria or other cells.
hair-like
Axial filaments are only found in
Spirochetes
A bacterial cell is placed in an extracellular environment that has a higher solute concentration compared to its intracellular makeup. Inside the bacterial cell this lowers its turgor pressure, and the cell will_________.
shrink
Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane permeable to water but not permeable to solutes. If solution A has a solute concentration of 0.5 and solutionn B has a solute concentration of 1.5% , solution B is hypertonic to A and gains water by _________
osmosis.
B a concentration _______more molecules are found in one region compared to another.
gradient
The diffusion of water across a membrane is
osmosis
By ______solid material is engulfed by a cell.
endocytosis
By ______liquid material is taken in by the cell.
pinocytocis
_________is the expulsion of material from the cell.
Exocytosis
Syphillis is caused by a species of _____________.
spirohete (treponema pallidum)
Toxic shock is caused by strains of ______
staphlococcus
The most common microbe causing urinary tract infection is__________.
E. Coli
The sum of all chemical activities that take place within an organism
metabolism
Aerobic metabolism takes place in the presence of _________
oxygen
The major nutrient that undergoes catabolism is____________
glucose
During Glycolysis each glucose molecule starts the process and ends forming 2 molecueles of ______, 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADPH.
pyruvate
Oxidation is the _____of electrons.
loss
Reduction is the ________of electrons
gaining
Anaerobic metabolism takes place __________
in the absence of oxygen.
Lactic fermentation by bacteria is used to produce _____________ and buttermilk.
yogert
In alcoholic fermentation with yeast, pyruvate is converted to CO2 and __________.
Ethanol
In an oxygen consuming cell like E. Coli or human cell, 1 glucose molecule forms ______ATP molecules.
36
Diplo
pair
strepto
chain
staphlo
cluster
Strains of S. pneumonia lacking a capsule are _______. Strains of S. pneumonia with a thick capsule can be ____to humans.
harmless; fatal
During Glycolysis, each glucose molecule produces 4 ATP with a net gain of ______ATP.
2
The 3 steps of cellular respiration:
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron transport chain
Main process of Glycolysis
get pyruvate
Main process during Krebs cycle
reduce NAD and FAD
When there is lack of oxygen, Pyruvate turns to lactic acid or
ethenol
movement of molecules from area of low concentration to high concentration
diffusion
hypertonic- environment has higher concentration of solultes than its interior.(may result in ________)
plasmolysis
Hypotonic-environment has lower concentration of soluutes than cell's interior. May cause cells to _____
lyse (burst)
equal concentration , no change in water environment
isotonic
The most resistant bilogical structures known.
Endospores
Cell wall is made of ______.
Peptidoclycan.
swim toward favorable concentrations of dissolved oxygen
aerotaxis
bacteria that sense certain chemical and swim toward regions that contain more nutrients and away from regions with toxic chemicals
chemotaxis
Gram negative bacteria layers around
periplasm
gram-positive bacteria layer around
cytoplasmic membrane