antibiotic
chemical produced by one microbe that can harm another microbe
antimicrobial
any agent that can harm microbes
bacteriocidal drug
drugs that kill microbes
bacteriostatic drug
drugs that slow microbe production
chemotherapy
using chemical against invading organisms
selective toxicity
no injury to cell host only target organism
narrow spectrum antibiotics
work only on a few microbes
broad specturm antibiotics
active against a wide variety of microbes
nosocomial infection
infection acquired at hospital
2 ways resistance acquired
spontaneous mutationconjugation
suprainfection
new infection appears during course of treatment for a primary infection
minimum inhibitory concentration
lowest concentration of antibiotic that produces complete inhibition of bacterial growth
minimum bacteriocidal concentration
lowest concentration of drug that kills 99.9% bacterial colonies
kerniterus
sever neurologic disorder caused by displaced billirubin from protein plasma
level of antibiotic at site of infection
4-8 times the MIC
beta lactam
antibiotic that destroy beta lactam ring or wall of bacteria
penicillin G
bet-lactemADRallergies
cephalexin (keflex)
beta-lactamADRbleedingallergiesINTERdisulfiramprobenecid
Imipenem (primaxin)
beta-lactamADRallergiesgastroinstestinalsuprainfection
vancomycin (vancocin)
red man syndromeototoxicityinfusion reaction
tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin)
Gastrointestinaltooth discolorationsuprainfectionINTERoral contriceptivesMilk calcium iron magnesium supplements
Erythromycin (E-mycin)
bacteriostaticADRgastrointestinalthrombophlebitisINTERantihystaminestheophylinewarfarincarbamazepine
Gentamycin (garamycin)
ototoxicitynephrotoxicityneuromuscular blockage
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)bactrim
folic acidstevens-johnsonblood dyscrasiascrystalluriakernicterus
nitrofurantoin (macrodantin)
bacteriostatic low dosebacteriocidal high doseADRGIblood dyscrasias
isoniazid (INH)
antituberculosis drugneuropathyhepatotoxicityINTERphenytoinalcohol
dapsone (leprosy) anti-hansens disease
folic acidADRhepatotoxicityGIINTERwarfarinoral contraceptiveNNRTI for HIV
acyclovir (zovirax)
prevents DNA reproductionADRphlebitisnephrotoxicityINTERgranulocytopeniathrombocytopeniareproductive toxocity
ciprofloxacin (cipro)
stop dna replicationADRGIachillies tendon rupturesuprainfectionINTERwarfarintheophylinemilk iron mg dairy
metronidazole (flagyl)
bacteriocidal anaerobicADRmetallic tastedark urinecns symptomsINTERalocholdisulfiramwarfarin
amphoterin B deoxycholate (fungizone)
antifungalADRinfusion reactionnephrotoxicityhypokalemiabone marrow suppresion
ketoconazole (nizarol)
hepatotoxicityADRgynecomastiairregular menstral flowINTERflucytosineaminoglycosides
B cells
produce antibodies
Immunosuppressants
reduce production of B cells and cytotoxic T cells CD8
immunostimulant
boost the immune system assist body to kill cancer cells
macrophages and dendritic cells
phagocytosis
cytolytic T lymphocytes (CD8)
destroy target cells directly and killing microbe
Helper T cells (CD4)
activate B cellsdelayed hypersensitivity reaction (DTH)
Natural Immunity innate-native immunity
present at birth
specific acquired immunity
a persons body produce antibodies to protect itself
active acquired immunity
having the infoection admin of vaccine or toxoid
passive acquired immunity
admin of preformed antibodiesimmunoglobulins
acquired immunity (2)
active by vaccinationspassive by immunoglobulins
alt name for antibodies
immunoglobulinsgamma globulins
5 classes of antibodies
IgAIgDIgEIgGIgM
antigen
molecules that trigger specific immune response and become targets if those responses
toxoid vacccine
DTaP vaccine
live vaccines
MMRVaricellaInfluenzaRotavirus
guillain- barre syndrome
autoimmune disorder of peripheral nervous systemcaused by flu vaccine
MMR
local reactionADRallergy to eggs gelatin neomycin
Dtap
encephalopathy 7 days afterseizure
reyes syndrome
aspirin to kids
tetanus booster
every 10 years
Interferon alfa (interleukin-2)
stop cancer cellsADRalopeciabone marrow suppresioncardiotoxicityneurotoxicityhypotensionINTER
cyclosporine
hepatotoxicnephrotoxicitygrapefruit juice
prednisone
glucocorticoidsADRbone lossadrenal imparimentfluid retentionINTERdiureticNSAIDs
azathioprine
cytotoxic drugbone marrow depressionallopurinol
antihistamine 1st generation
dephenhydramine (benadryl)dimenhydrinate (dramimine)
antihistamine 2nd generation
loratadine (claritin)fexofenadine (allegra)cetirizine (zyrtec)
chemotherapy agents
anticancer agents to kill cancer cells
antitumor antibiotics
doxorubicin (adrimycin)
breast cancer antibiotic
antiestrogen (tamoxifen)
prostate cancer antibiotic
leuprolide (lupron)
chemotherapy side effects
alopeciabone marrow suppressionGI discomfort give antiemeticextravasation of vesicants
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
fever muscular rigidityautonomic dysfunctionaltered mental status
steven-johnson syndrome
epidermis detaches from dermis