Heart
The muscular cone-shaped organ the siza of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart sends blood circulating through the body. The heart has two upper layers, the right ang left atrium; and two lower chambers, the right and left ventricles. The atria receive blood from veins and the ventricle pump blood through arteries. The atrial septum seperates the atria and the ventricular septum seperates the ventricles. the tricuspiod and mitral valves are referred to as the atrioventricular (AV) valves. Valves keep blood flowing in the right directions.
Tricuspid Valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral Valve
Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the polmunary artert and between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Pericardium
Two-layer sac consisting of an extrenal fibrous and internal serous layer. The serous laer secretes a fluid that fcilitates movement of the heart. This layer also covers the heart and is called the epicardium.
What are the three layers of the hear?
Epicardium-Covers the heartMyocardiun-The mddle thick muscualr layerEndocardium-Inner linning of the heart
Blood vessels
tube like structures that carry blood throughout the body.
Ateries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the polmunary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the ehart to the body cells. (Profusion) The polumnary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other wastye products from the heart to the lungs.
Aterioles
The smallest arteries
Aorta
The largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Venules
Smallest Veins
Venae Cavae
Largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carroes blood to the heart from th body part below the diaphragm, and the superioir vena cava returns blood to the heart from the upper part of the body.
Capillaries
Microscopic blood veseesl that conect arterioles with venules,. Matreials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls.
Blood
Composed of plasman and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocyets, and thrombocytes (platelets)
Plasma
Clear, straw colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume.
Serum
Clear, watery fluid portion of the bloos tat remains after a clot has formed.
Lymph
Transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphosytes and monocytes and flows in a one way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.
Lymphatic vessels
Similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissue to the chest, where it enters the cariovascular system. The vessels begin as capilalries spread throughout the body then merge into the larger tubes that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues t oducts in the chest, where lymph enters through veins into the circulatory system.
Lymph Nodes
Small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bateria and other forgein agents from entering the blood. The also produce lymphocytes.
Spleen
Located in the left side of the abdominal caity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather than lymph flows through the spleen. blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
Thymus Gland
One of the primary lymphatic orgnas, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
Angi/o
Vessel (usually refers to blood vessels)
Aort/o
Aorta
Arteri/o
Artery
atri/o
Atrium
Cardi/o
Heart
Lymphaden/o
Lymph node
lymph/o
lymph, pymph tissue
myel/o
bone marrow (also means spinalcord Ch. 15)
Phleb/o, ven/o
Vein
plasm/o
plasma
splen/o
Spleen (only one E in the word root)
thym/o
Thymus gland
Valv/o, valvul/o
Valve
Ventricul/o
Ventricle
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
Ech/o
Sound
electr/o
electricity, electrical activity
isch/o
deficiency, blockage (ischemia- blockage in blood, restricted blod flow)
therm/o
heat
thromb/o
clot (Thrombosis)
brady-
Slow
#NAME?
pertaining to
#NAME?
removal
#NAME?
instrument used to record.
#NAME?
pain (anodynia, absence of pain)
#NAME?
abnormal reducton in number
#NAME?
formation
#NAME?
hardening (atherosclerosis, hardening of yellow fatty plaque in the veins)
angioma
tumor composed of blood vessels , angi-oma
angiostenosis
Narrowing of the blood vessel
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
Hardening of the fatty plaque
bradycardia
Condition of a slow hear. Rate of less than 60 beats per minute.
Cardiodynia
Pain in the heary
Cadiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Cardiovalvulitits
Inflammation of the valves of the heart, also valvulitis
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner linings of the heart (particularly of the heart valve linings)
Ischemia
deficiency of blood flow
myocarditis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the sac surrounging the heart
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Polyarteritis
Inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries
Tachycardia
Abnormal state of rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats or more) Contrast with bradycardia. BRADY v. TACHY
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a clot.
Hematoma
A tumor composed of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel)
multiple myeloma
tumors of bone marrow (Myel-bone marrow, or also spinal cord.)
Pancytopenia
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells (Pan-all, cyto-cells, penia-abnormal reduction)
Thrombosis
abnormal condition of a bllod clot
Thrombus
blooted clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Disease of the lymph nodes (characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection or malignancy)
lymphoma
Tumor of lymphatic tissue
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
thymoma
Tumor of the thymus gland
Acute coronary syndrome
ACS sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarcation (Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.)
aneurysm
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
angina pectoris
chect pain, which mat radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart.
Arrhymia
Any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern
Atrial fibrillation
AFib - A cardiac arrythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing inrregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amount of blood. The blood that remains in the atria becomes static, increasing the risk of clot formation, which may lead to a stroke. Two types of AFib are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation, which is sustained)
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Cardiac tamponade
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation on the pericardial cavity
Coarctation of the aorta
congenital cardiac condition characterized by narrowing of the aorta
Congenital heart disease
Heart abnormality persent at birth
Congestive heart failure
CHF innability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
Coronary artery disease
CAD A condition that reduces the flow of blood through coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardial tissues of sufficient oxygen and nutrienst to function fully, most often caused by coronary atheroscelrosis (also called heart failure [HF])
Coronary Occulsion
Obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis. Coronaty occulsion can lead to acute myocardial infarction
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower expremities. A clot can break off and travel to the lungs causing a pulmonary embolism.
hypersensitize heart disease
HHD. Disoreder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure
intermittent claudication
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking, a condition seen in occulsive artery disease
mitral valve stenosis
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of theumatic fever
myocardial infarction
death, necrosis of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called a heart attack)
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries, other than those of the heart and brain that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud disease. The most common symptom of peripheral atherosclerosis is intermittent claudication (pain and discomfort in the calves)
rheumatic heart disease
Damage to the hear muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usuaslly found in lower extremeties.
anemia
reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red bloodcells. Anemia may be
embolus
blood clot or forgein material, such as air of fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation
hemophilia
inherited bleeding disease most commonly cause by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
Leukemia
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow.
Hodgkin disease
Mailgnant disoreder og the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes
infectious mononucleosis
malignant disoreder caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young people and is usually transmitted
angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
atherectomy
excision off fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a specialized catheter and rotary cutter
endarterectomy
excision within the artery (excission of plaque from the arterial wall) this procedure is usually namef for th artery to be cleaned out, such as a carotis endartectomy, which means removal of plaque from the wall of the carotid artery.
pericardiocentesis
suregical puncture to aspirate fluid frim the outer layer (pericardial sac) (used to treat cardiac tamponade)
phlebectomy
excision of a vein
phlebotomy
incision into a vein (to remove blood or to give blood o intravenous fluids). Also called venipuncture
valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a valve
splenectomy
excision of the spleen
splenopexy
fixation of the spleen
thymectomy
excision of the thymus gland
aneurysmextomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm (ballooning of a weaker portion of an arterial wall
atrail fibrillation ablation
a procedure in which normal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radiofrequency energy
cardiac pacemaker
battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart
coronary artery bipass graft CABG
surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around block arteries
coronary stent
a supportive scaffolding device implanted in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus or clot
bone marrow aspiration
a syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, ususally from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells.
bone marrow biopsy
a needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor condition of disease and condition of blood cells.
Bone marrow transplant
infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donr with matching cells and tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia
angiography
radiographic imaging of blood vessels ( the procedure is named for the vessel being imaged)
angioscope
instrument used for visual examination of the blood vessel.
angioscopy
visual examination of the blood vessel
aortagram
radiographic image of the aorta
arteriogram
radiographic image of the artery
venogram
radiographic image of the vein
venography
radiographic imaging of the veins
echocardiogram ECHO
record of the heart using sound
electrocardiogram EKG
record of the electrical activity of the heart
Digital subraction angiography
a process of digital radiographic imaginig of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied
Doppler ultrasound
a study that uses sound for the detection of blood flow within the vessels: used to assess intermittent claudication (pain in calf), deep vein thrombosis (clots in the deep veins) and other blood flow abnormailities
Exercise stress test
a study that evaluates cardiac function furing physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill. EKG, ECHO and nuclear medicine scanning are three types of tests performed while exercising. ECHO is fast becoming the preferred choise of testing over EFG
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
a nuclear medicin scan that visualizes the heart from several different angels. A tracer substance such as sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously. The SPECT scanner creates images from the tracer absorbed by the body tissues. It is used to assess damage to cardiac tissue
Thallium test
a nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess trevascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery.
transesophadeal echocardiogram
TEE - an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe plaec in the esophagus, which provides veiws of the heart structures
Cardiac catherization
an examination to deteremin the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels. A catheter is passed into the heart through a blood vessel and is used to record pressure and inject contrast medium, enabling the visualization of the coronary arteries, great vessels, and the heart chambers; used most frequently to evaluate cheast pain and coronary artery disease.
impedance plethysmography IPG
measures venous flow of the extremeits with a plethysmograph to detect colts by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance) in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis
auscultation
hearing sounds with in the body through a stethoscope
sphygmomanometer
devide used for measuring blood pressure
C-reactive protein (CRP)
a blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
a blood test used to measure the level of creating phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction.
homocysteine
a blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that if elevated may indicate increased risk of cardiovasuclat disease
lipid profile
A blood test to measure the amount of lipids in the blood. Used to evaluate risk of CVD and to monitor treatment of existing CVD provide levels of total cholesterol HDL, LDL and VLDL and triglycerides
troponin
blood test that measure troponin released 3 hours after necrosis of heart cells, remain fro 7-10 days. useful to diagnose myocardial infarction
coagulation time
blood test to determine the time it takes for blood clots to form
complete blood count (CBC) differential count (Diff)
basic blood screening that measures hemoglobin, gematicrit, red blood cell number and morphology. leukocyte count, white blood cell differential and platelet counts. This is an automated test, easy and fast. Provides much information
Hematocrit HCT
measures red blood cells count
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen carrying components in red blood cells
prothrombin time
test used to determin certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anti coagulant
hemostasis
stopage of bleeding
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma
thrombolysis
dissolution of a clot
extravasation
escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
lumen
space within a tubular part of organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
occlude
to close tightl, to block
dyscrasia
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood clot
hemorrhage
rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
ACS
acute coronary syndrome
AFib
atrial fibrillation
AV
atrioventricular
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CBC and Diff
complete blood count and differential
CCU
coronary care unit
CHF
congestive heart failure
CPK
creatine phosphokinase
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRP
C-reactive protein
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
ECHO
echcardiogram
HCT
hematocrit count
Hgb
hemoglobin
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
ICD
implantable cardiac defibrillator
IPG
impedance plethysmography
MI
myocardial infraction
PAD
peripheral arterioal disease
PT
prothrombin time
PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
RBC
red blood cell (erythrocyte)
SPECT
single-proton emission computed tomography
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
WBC
white bloodcell count
Cardia
area arround the opening of the esophagus
antrum
lower portion of the stomach
cecum
blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
peritoneum
serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
an/o
anus
antr/o
antrum
cec/o
cecum
col/o colon/l
colon
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
intestine
gastr/o
stomach
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
or/o stomat/o
mouth
proct/o rect/o
rectum
cheil/o
lip
cholangi/o
bile duct
chol/e
gall, bile
choledoch/o
common bile duct
peritone/o
peritoneum
polyp/o
small growth, polyp
sial/o
salivary gland saliva
steat/o
fat
uvul/o
uvula
cholangioma
tumor of the bile duct
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gall bladder
choledocholithiasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct
cholelithiasis
condition of gallstones
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomache and the entestines
gasteroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon
polyposis
condition of polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon high rate from malignancy)
proctoptosis
prolapse of the rectum
rectocele
protrusion of the rectum
sialolith
stones in the salivary glands
steatohepatitis
inflammation of the liver associated with fat often caused by alcohol use
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruciton of cells and formation of scar tissue commonly caused by alcoholism
Crohn disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually effecting the ileum and characterized by cobblestone ulcarations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction
duodenal ulcar
ulcer in the doudenum
gastric ulcer
ulcer in the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing hearburn
hemochromatosis
an iron metabolism disoreder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food. resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue. Can cause congestive heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, can cancer of the liver
hemorrhoid
varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external
ileus
obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis
intussusception
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
peptic ulcer
gastric of duodenal ulcer
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of te colon with the formation of ulcers. Bloody diarrhea.
Volvulus
tesiting or kinking of the intestine, cause intestinal obstruction
antrectomy
excision of the antrum
celiotomy
incision into the abdominal cavity
cheilorrhaphy
suturing of the lip CHEIL/O = LIP
cholecystectomy
excission og the gallbladder
colectomy
excission of the colon
colostomy
creation of an artificial opening inot the colon
diverticulectomy
excission of the diverticulum
ileostomy
creation of an artificail opening into the ileum
laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
Abdominaperineal resection (AandP resection)u
removal of both the colon and the rectume through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inglammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. The patient will have a colostomy
Anastomosis
an opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments.
bariatric surgery
surgical reduction of the gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity
vagotomy
cutting certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thuse reduce the recurrance of ulcers.
cholangiogram
radiographic image of the bile ducts
cholangiography
radiographic imaging of the bile ducts
cholecystogram
radiographic image of the gall bladder
CT colonograph
radiographic imaging of the colon using a CT scanner and software
abdominal ultrasonography
Process of recording images of internal organs using high frequency sound waves produced by transducer placed directly on the skin covering the abdominal cavity
Barium enema
series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a garium enema has been administered rectally
upper GI series
series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) radiographic examination of the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts with contrast media, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy
endoscopic ultrasound EUS
a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for stagin of malignant tumors
fecal occult blood test FOBT
a test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be veiwed microscopically (guaiac test)
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test
a blood test used to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bateria can be found in lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers.
aphagia
without swallowing (the inability to swallow)
dyspepsia
difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms)
gastrodynia
pain in the stomach
gastromalacia
softening of the stomach
glossopathy
disease of the tongue
steatorrhea
discharge of fat Usually involved with disease of pancrease
steatosis
abnormal condition of fat. Increase of fat at cellular level usually effecting the liver
stomatogastric
pertaining to mouth and stomach (stomat/o = mouth)
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
dysentery
disorder that invloves inflammation of the intestine (usually the large intestine) associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain
emesis
expelling matter form the stomach through the mouth. also called vomiting or vomitus
gavage
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hematochezia
passage of bloody feces
melena
black tarry stool that contains digested blood. result of bleeding in the upper GI tract
Nausea
urge to vomit or ( emesis )
reflux
abnormal backward flow
stoma
surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or similar operation. Stoma may also refer to an opening created between body structures or between portions of the intestines.
A&P resection
abdominoperineal resection
BE
barium enema
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS
Endoscopic ultrasound
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
H. pylori
Helicobacter pylori
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
N&V
nausea and vomiting
PEG
percutaneus endoscopic gastrostomy
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
UPPP
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
sclera
outer protective layter of the eye
Cornea
the transperant anterior part of the sclera. infront of hte aqueous humos and lies over the iris
choroid
middle layer of the eye. which is interelaced with many blood vessels
iris
the pigmented muscular structure that lalows light to pass through
pupil
the opening in the center of the iris
lens
lies directly behind the pupil it is used to focus and bend light
retina
innermost layer of the eye. contains the vision receptors
aqueous humor
found at the anterior caivty of the eye, deep to the cornea
vitreous humor
the jelly like substance behind the lens in the posterior cavity of hte eye
meibomian glands
oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids the lep to lubricate the eye
Lacrimal glands and ducts
produce and drain tears.
optic nerve
carries teh visual impulses from the teina to the brain
conjunctiva
mucous membrane lining the eyelids and coverin the anterior portion of the sclera
blephar/o
eyelid
cor/o, core/o, pupill/o
pupil
corne/o, kerat/o
conea
dacry/o, lacrim/o
tear, tear duct
irid/o, ir/o
iris
ocul/o, opthalm/o
eye
opt/o
vision
retin/o
retina
scler/o
sclera
cry/o
cold
dipl/o
two, double
phot/o
light
ton/o
tension, pressure
bi, bin,
two
#NAME?
vision (condition)
#NAME?
abnormal rfear of or aversoin to specific things
#NAME?
paralysis
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelids
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctive
dacryocystisis
inflammation of the tear of lacrimal sac
diplopia
double vision
endophthalmitis
inflammation with in the eye
iridoplegia
paralysis of the iris
leukocoria
condition of whie cornea
oculomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the eyes
ophthalmalgia
pain in the eye
ophthalmoplegia
paralysis of the eye muscles
photophobia
fear of light abnormal sensitivity to light
retinoblastoma
tumor arising from the developing retinal cell ( a congenital, malignant tumor)
retinopathy
diseased condition of the retina
sclerokeratitis
inflammation of the sclera and the cornea
xerophthalmia
condition of dry eye (conjunctive and cornea)
amblyopia
reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated wit hthe strabismus, unequal refractive erros. or impaired vision. The brain represses teh vision in one eye to prevent double vision
astigmatism
defective curvature of the refractive surface of the eye
cataract
clouding of the lens of teh eye
chalazion
obstrcution fo the oil gland of the eyelid
detached retina
sepeartion of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
emmetropia Em
normal refractive condition of the eye.
glaucoma
eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by intraocular pressue (IOP)
hyperopia
farsightedness
macular degeneration
a progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called teh macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision
myopia
nearsightedness
nyctalopia
poor vision at night of in faint light
nystagmus
involuntary jerking movements of eyes
pinguecula
yellowishmass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust.
presbyopia
impaired vision as a result of aging.
pterygium
thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused from sun exposure
retinitis pigmentosa
hereditary progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes
strabismus
abnormal condition of squint or cross eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same poitn
sty
infection of an oil gland in the eyelid hordeolum
enucleation
surgical removal of the eyeball (also, the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)
LASIK
Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis A laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the corea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia.
phacoemulsification
method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated
PRK
Photorefractive keratectomy a procedure for the treatmeant of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea.
Retinal photocoagualtion
a procedure to repair tears in the retina by use of an intense, precisely focused light beam, with causes coagualtion of the tissue protein
scleral buckling
A procedure to repair a detachecd retina. A strip of sclera is resected or a fold is made in the sclera. An exoplant is used to hold nd buckle the sclera
trabeculectomy
srugical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular presure (used to treat glaucoma)
Vitrectomy
surgical remoavl of all or part of the vitreous humor
Fluorescin angiography
photographic process of recording blood vesseds of the ey with a fluorescent dye
keratometer
an instrument used to measure the cornea
tonometer
instrument used to measure pressure (within the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma)
binocular
pertaining to two or both eyes
ophthalmic
pertianing to the eye
miotic
agent that constricts the pupil
mydriatic
agent that dilates the pupil
visual acuity
sharpness of vision for either distance or near
ARMD
age related mascular degeneration
Ast
Astigmatism
EM
emmetropia
IOP
intraocular pressure
Ophth
ophthalmology
VA
visual acuity
auricle (pinna)
external structure located on both sides of the head. The auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus
external auditory meatus (canal)
short tube taht ends at the tympanic membrance. The inner part lies within the temporal bone of the skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax
tympanic (ear drum)
semitransparent membrane that sepeartes the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity. The tympanic membrane transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles.
Eustchian tube
Connects the middle ear and the pharynx. It equalizes air pressure on both sides of the eardrum
Ossicles
bones in the middle ear. Malleus, incus, stapes
Labyrinth (inner ear)
bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull. It contains the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibule.
Cochlea
snail shaped and contains the organs of hearing. The cochlea connects to the oval window in the middle ear.
Semicircular canals and vestibule
contains receptors and endolymph that help the body to maintain its sense of balance(equilibrium)
mastoid bone and cells
located int the skell bone behind the external auditory meatus
audi/o
hearing
aur/o, aur/o, ot/o
ear
myring/o
tympanic membrane
staped/o
stapes
tympan/o
tympanic membrane, middle ear.
vestibul/o
vestibule
myrangitis
inflammation of the tympanic membrane
otalgia
pain in the ear
ototpyorrhea
discharge of mucos from the ear.
otorrhea
discharge from the ear
otosclerosis
hardening of the ear (stapes) caused by irregular development and resulting in hearing loss)
tympanitis
inflammation of the typmantic memebrane and middle ear.
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor within the auditory canal growing from the acoustic nerve (cranial nerve VIII), vestibulocochlear nerve); may cause hearing loss and may damage structures of the cerebellum as it grows
ceruminoma
tumor of the gland that secretes earwax (Cerumen)
cholesteatoma
cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholestrerol occuring in the middle ear, may be associated with chronic otitis media
Meniere disease
chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, ringing in the ear, and hearing loss
Otitis Externa
inflammation of the outer ear
presbycusis
hearing impairment in old age
tinnitus
ringing in the ear
vertigo
a sense that either one's own body (subjective) of the environment (objective) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease
cochlear implant
pertianing to the cochlea implant
AOM
acute otitis media
EENT
Eyes ears nose and throat
ENT
Ears nose and throat
OM
otitis media