Name the two different types of parasites.
Obligate: adapted to a single host or a group of very closely related hosts (e.g, human crab louse)Facultative: capable of completing it's life on a variety of host species that may not be closely related.
Difference between ectoparasites and endoparasites?
ecto - feed externally on the hostendo - feed internally on the host
Pediculosis?
An infestation of lice.
Name the two types of disease...
Noninfectious - A detrimental change from what is considered normal - not involving a pathogen: mental abnormalities, genetic abnormalities, delusory parasitosis.Infectious - caused and spread by the invasion and establishment of an outside agent
Pathogen
The disease causing agent: usually virus, bacteria, microorganism.
Vector
The organism that transports the pathogen. (arthropods)
Reservoir
any animal system capable of maintaining a pathogen over time
The two types of disease transmission are...
Mechanical - simple movement of pathogens through contact.Biological - involves development and/or propagation in the vector. Vector is necessary for the life cycle development of the pathogen.
Name some diseases that, if found anywhere in the world, must be reported to the WHO.
Yellow feverplaguecholera
Name some disease that, if found in washington, must be reported to the WHO.
#NAME?
What is stridulation?
The rubbing together of body parts to produce noises (ex crickets)
PulseChirpSong
Pulse - train of soundsChirp - series of pulsesSong - chirps in a pattern
Tympanum
Sound reception. (Ex, katydid leg or the abdomen of a moth)
How do cicadas produce sound?
A vibrating membrane.
How do mosquitoes hear?
Johnston's organ
Advantages of using chemical signals
#NAME?
Disadvantages of using chemical signals
#NAME?
Types of signaling chemicals
Hormones - used WITHIN the body to regulate bodily functionsSemiochemicals - communication between individuals (intraspecific and interspecific)
Allomones?
Interspecific action. Benefits the sender.
Osmetaria?
Fork shaped protrusions from a caterpillar that lets them smear the enemy with some type of chemical (often an acid)
Kairomones
#NAME?
Name the 6 types of pheromones
1) alarm pheromones (ex aphids flee when one is attacked)2) trail pheromones (ex ant trails)3) aggregation pheromones (ex lady bug huddle, bark beetles)4) sex pheromones (ex moth mating)5) oviposition deterrent pheromones (ex fly that lays eggs in fruit)6) aphrodisiac pheromones (ex hair pencils on a butterfly)
Ocelli
Eyes for sight perception and intensity.