another name for protein
amino acid
2 bonded amino acids
dipeptide
more than 2 amino acids bonded together
polypeptide
Indispensable amino acid
body cannot make in sufficient amounts
dispensable amino acids
body can synthesis from indispensable
conditionally indespensble amino acids
normally synthesized but some health conditions may require intake
despensable amino acids
alanineasparic acidasparagineglutamic acidserine
catabolism
breakdown
anabolism
resynthesize
function of protein
tissue buildingenergywater balancemetabolismimmunity
do proteins have a unique structure to act as buffer
yes
protein hormones
insulinglucagon
examples of complete proteins (animal origin)
meatfistseafoodsoy
examples of incomplete proteins (plant origin)
grainslegumesfruits & vegetablesnutsseeds
lacto-ovo vegetarian
vegetarians who eat eggs and dairy
lacto vegetarian
vegetarian who only allow dairy products
ovo vegetarian
vegetarian diet that allows only eggs
vegan
consume no aminal products
protein enzymes (zymogens)
pepsinrenninhydrochlic acid
marasmus
protein deficiencyemancited appearance with little or no body fat
kwashikor
protein deficiencyedema in feet and legs and bloated belly
pancreatic secretion
trypsinchymotrypsincarboxypeptidase
dri of protein
10% to 35 %
how many common amino acids
20
how many indespensable amino acids
9
how many despensible amino acids
5
how many conditionally indespensible amino acids
6
4 elements of protein
carbonhydrogenoxygennitrogen
3 compartments water divided into
interstitialintracellularintravascular
complete proteins
have all 9 indespensable amino acids
incomplete proteins
are missing one or more of the 9 essential amino acids
calculate protein of person eating 2200 kcal/day @ 10-35%
2200 kcal x .10 = 220 kcal/day2200 kcal x .35 = 770 kcal/day 220 kcal / 4kcalg/ = 55g770 kcal/ 4kcal/g = 192.5g55-192.5 g
biologic value
nitrogen balance
high chemical score food
eggs 100
deamination
process of losing of nitrogen from protein
positive nitrogen balance
body takes in more nitrogen than it excretes ex: adolesence, pregnancy, infancy, childhood
negative nitrogen balance
body takes in less nitrogen than it excretes ex: illness, surgery
digestion
process of breaking down food in the GI tract releasing nutrients in for body can use
absoption
nutrients taken into the cell lining of GI tract
transport
movement of nutrients through the circulatory sytem
hydrochloric acid and buffers
produce correct pH in GI tract
enzymes
proteins that breakdown nutrients
mucus
lubricate and protect the mucosal tissue lining of GI
peristalsis
push food forward
pendular movement
sweeps back and forth
segmentation rings
chops food mass into successive small lumps
longitudinal movement
rolls food in a spiral motion
secretin
controls acidity and secretion of enzymes from pancreas
cholecystokinin
secreted when fat is present to release bile
kcal in alcohol
7
a fever can increase basal metablic rate
7% for each 1of
BMR for men
1 x kg weight x 24 hours = BMR
BMR for women
0.9 x kg weight x 24 hours = BMR
1 lb = ___ kg
150 lbs x .45 = 67.5
calorie
amount of energy in food or used in physical activity
kilocalorie
amount of heat necessary to raise 1 kg of water 1oC1000 calories
density
the degree of concentration of material in a given substance
caloric density
concentration of energy in a given amount of food
nutrient density
concentration of all nutrients in a given amount of food
3 demands for energy to determine bodys total energy requirements
ressting enegy expenditure (REE)physical activitythermic effect of food (TEF)
glycogenesis
formation of stored glycogen from glucose
lipogenesis
building up of triglyceries for storage in adipose tissue
gluconeogeneis
conversion of amino acids to glucose
adipose tissue
storage for fat