Calculus removal plays a bigger part in perio disease than plaque removalTrue False
False
Etiologic cause of perio disease
Plaque
Can plaque grow on top of calcus
Yes
Calculus is formed by -_____in bacterial plaque
Calcium and phosphate salts
Calculus above the gumline
Supragingival
Calculus below the gumline
Subgingival
What was thought of as the cause of perio diseas
calcium and phosphafe salt
What is Pellicle formed from?
Salavary glycoproteins
Plaque grows on top of the calculus and therefore the bacteria is close to the tissue and prevents proper plaque controlTrue False
True
Why is bone loss increased in areas with amalgam overhangs
A source of plaque retention
What is the anti calculus agent
Pyrophosphate
How do we measure the severity of periodontal disease
Clinical attachment loss
Other factors that contribute to perio disease
Orfho disease Mal occlusionMouth breathingTobacco use
What initiates gingivitis
Plaque
Light calculus formers have high levels of....
Parotid pyrophosphate
What is a sign of someone who is a "mouth breather
Gingival tissue of the maxillary anterior is red and irritated
Is there a cure for mouth breathing
No- treatment is only palliative
redness
Erithemia
Inflammation of the gingival tissue without bone loss or attachment loss
Gingivitis
What are some changes in the tissue when gingivitis is present
RednessEdema(swelling)Exudate(drainage)Bleeding
What reason is gingivitis often unrecognized?
It is painless
Why does probing depth increase in gingivitis
Tissue swells
Initial stage of gingivitis - acute response
Stage I
Order of stage I gingivitis
VasoconstrictionVasodilationMarginationMigration
What stage of gingivitis has the first clinical signs
Stage II
Common signs of class II gingivitis
White or yellow exudateRed/swollen gjngivitis Bleeding on probing
Day 4-7 gingivitis
Stage II
Established stage of gingivitis
Stage III
Signs of stage III gingivitis
Destroyed collagen (spongey)Pocket epithelium formsProbe readings increaseJunctiional epithelium permeableEdema of gingival margin
Which stage may persist for years / months OR reversed
Stage III
Grows in disease and causes pocket epithelium-not present in health
Rete pegs
Known as the advanced stage-begins to extend into the bone
Stage IV (preriodontal disease)
Healing after gingiva treatment occurs in what order
Reverse processBegins @ connective tissue and finally epithelium
The most common form of gingivitis
Gingivitis associated wirh plaque
Signs of gingivitis associated with plaque
Ulceration of tissueBOP
Over growth of gingiva tissue
Hyperplastic
Systemic factors intensify gingival response to plaqueTrue False
True
Type of meds that causes hyperplasia
Phenytoin/dilantinVerapamil / nifedipineCyclosporine
Phenytoin / Dilantin
Seizure med
Verapamil / Nifedipine
Cardiac
Cyclosporine
Immunosupperssion(organ transplant)
Deficiency of this vitamin causes defects in collagen
Vit C
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
NUG
Symptoms of NUG
Rapid onsetUlcerative tissuePunched out pipillaePseudomembraneFetor oris
Bacteria that is responsible for NUG
P.IntermediaSpirochete(Treponema Denticola)
In younger childrenElevated tempVesicles formationNo fetoris Oris
Gingival herpetic gingivostomatitis
Yeast organisms that cause candidis
Candida albicans
How is fungal origin gingivitis treated
Antifungal medication
LGE-found in HIV patients
Linear gingival erythema
Contains white patches that will rub off
LGE
Gingival enlargement due to the # of cells
Hyperplasia
Gingival enlargement due To cell size
Hyperyrophy
Hemorrhagic and swollen gingiva
Acute leukemia
Lacy white lines - caused by systemic conditions
Wickham's striae
Chronic - immune related caused by stress
Lichen Planus
Blistering and sloughing of the gingival epithelium-Nikolsky's sign
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Pemphigoid leasions-painful and raw-due to allergic reactions
Desquamative Gingivitis
2 OTHER NAMES FOR SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS
SUBMARGINAL CALCULUSSERUMAL CALCULUS
ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PLAQUE TRAP
AMALGAM OVERHANG
WHAT LEADS TO LOCALIZED GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION--CONFINED TO THE LABIAL GINGIVA OF THE MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH
MOUTH BREATHING
STUDIES SHOW THAT SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEPER POCKETS AND MORE CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LOSSTrue False
TRUE
THE TYPE OF CALCULUS THAT IS TIGHTLY ADHERENT TO THE TOOTH AND FOUND NEAR OPENINGS OF THE MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
SUPRAGINGIVAL
STEP ONE TO CALCULUS FORMATION
FORMATION OF PELLICLE
ANTICALCULUS TOOTHPASTES REDUCE THE FORMATION OF NEW SUPRAGINGIVAL CALCULUS BY HOW MUCH?
20% TO 30%
WHAT PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OF DENTAL PATIENTS HAVE AMALGAM OVERHANGS
UP TO 75%
STAGES OF GINGIVITIS
STAGE I - INITIAL OR SUBCLINICAL STAGESTAGE ii - EARLY STAGESTAGE III - ESTABLISHED STAGESTAGE IV - ADVANCED STAGE
REFERS TO THE LOCATION OF THE MARGIN OF THE TISSUE - NOT THE CONDITIONS
RECESSION
FETIS ORIS
ODOR CAUSE BY NUG
NO CURE - ONLY TREATING SYMPTOMS
PALLIATIVE
TISSUE DAMAGE CAUSED BY TRAUMA
TRAUMATIC LESIONS
WHEN CICATRICAL PEMPHIGOID LESIONS ARE LIMITED TO THE GINGIVA
DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS
ETIOLOGY OF DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS
AUTOIMMUNE OR ALLERGGIC REACTTIONS
IMMUNE RELATED, AFFECTS THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MIDDLE AGED PATIENTS
LICHEN PLANUS
REACTION TO A FOREIGN BODY IN THE TISSUE
FOREIGN BODY REACTIONS
SWELLING
EDEMA
WHICH STAGE OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION BEGINS WITH IN 4-7DAYS AFTER PLAQUE HAS ACCUMULATED - MAY BE SEEN AS SLIGHTLY RED AND SWOLLEN
STAGE I - INITIAL STAGE (NO CLINICAL SIGNS)
STAGE OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION CAN BLEEDING FROM THE SULCUS BE DETECTED WITH A PERIODONTAL PROBE
STAGE II - EARLY STAGE
WHY DOES CLINICAL PROBING DEPTH INCREASE IN STAGE III GINGIVITIS
TISSUE BECOMES ENGORGED WITH INFLAMMATORY CELLS