proletariat
urban working class
ancien regime
old government; term for the government in france before the revolution
sans-culottes
a nickname meaning "without fancy pants"term for urban working class
taille/gabelle
head taxsalt tax
4th estate
term from american politics; it refers to the media
depot
a warehouse
garrison
soldiers who man a particular position
refactory clergy
french priests who refused to swear loyalty to the state
liberty, equality and fraternity
motto of french revolution
eged
to encourage bad behavior
emigres
term for those who had fled revolutionary france
emigrant
coming out
immigrant
coming in
jacobin
the dominant radical revolutionary club in the national convention
mountain
the most radical revolutionary faction of the jacobins, led by robespierre
girondin
aka the plainthe more moderate faction of the jacobin
fervor
intense feeling, passion
abroad
outside the country
artillery
cannons
annul
to cancel after the fact; to make illegitimate
coup d'etat
acceptable coup"a military overthrow of the government
merit
that which you have earned or deserved
universal manhood suffrage
all adult males can vote
suffrage
the right to vote
franchise
the right to vote
enfranchise
to give the right to vote
concordat
an agreement or treaty
plebiscite
a vote either yes or no
embargo
to end all trade with another nation
guerilla war
little war; a war fought with unorthodox, unconventional tactics
scorched earth
russian military technique of burning everything so the enemy cannot use it
restoration
the idea of putting back in place the old governments or systems
legitimacy
the principle of putting in power the rightful ruler of parliament
puppet states
a nation who's government is actually controlled by somebody else
cahier de coleances
petitions of what the people wanted in the new government
battle of trafalgar
1805 off the coast of spain and egypt-lord nelsonended napoleon's hopes of invading britain
lord nelson
battle of trafalgar
battle of waterloo
1815france led by duke wellington-france wonfinal defeat of napoleonafterwards he was exiled to st. helena
battle of austerlitz
1805 austria and russia vs. francefrance won
battle of the nations(battle of leipzig)
1813saxony confederation of the rhine
necker
1777first finance minister was dismissed when he proposed taxation of the nobility
calonne
second finance ministerproposed taxation of all land-owners including the king
brienne
third finance ministeragreed with calonne on taxationpersuaded louis to arrest the leading nobles
tennis court oath
the new national assembly swore an oath to keep meeting until they had written a constitution*declaration of the rights of man
bastille
july 14, 1789citizens of paris stormed this infamous prison looking for weapons to defend their city against the army
declaration of the rights of man
first constitution of francepromised the basic rights of -free speech-religious toleration-liberty-equality before the law
october daysthe women's march
1789a mob of angry women marched to versailles, killed guards and forced the royal family to live back at versailles
reflections on the revolution in france
edmund burkea condemnation of what was happening in france-no single generation had the right to destroy the work of all the generations that came before it
committee of public safety
robespierre, danton, maratselected by the national convention to run as a virtual dictatorship-lead the terror
napoleon bonaparte
a virtual military dictator who sought to keep the good aspects of the revolution but with greater order and stability-head of consulate government"in any corporal's hand...
code napoleon
equality before the law-policy of justice where you were guilty until proven innocent
continental system
a failed french attempt at economic warfare with britain-all of napoleon's states resisted trade with britain
berlin decrees
decrees that stated napoleon's states could not trade with britain
invasion of russia
napoleon's grand armee of 600,000 men advancedrussian forces used scorched earth and retreatednapoleon was forced to turn back during the winter
what is the third estate
abbey sieyesthe third estate is everything.revolutionary pamphlet
estates generalnational assembly
3rd estate demanded "one man, one vote"when the estates general took a long time to decide, the third estate proclaimed itself a new parliament
great fear
panic and chaos across the country caused by fear of aristocratic restoration of powers-peasants attacked noble estates
civil constitution of the clergy
passed by the national assembly to force the clergy to swear loyalty to the state over the church= refactory clergy
declaration of pillnitz
out of opposition to the situation in france, austria and prussia pledged to attack in their own time to put the king back on the thrown and crush the revolution
consulate
1st government of napoleon-napoleon was part of a group that ran the country but in reality was a military dictator
treaty of tilsit
treaty with russia (alexander I)after battle of friedland in 1807 that kept alexander on the throne
peninsula war
fransisco goyawhen napoleon tried to go through spain to attack portugal they resisted, aided by the british
concordat with the church
napoleon received the church's blessing as emperorin return her recognized the majority of the french were catholic
declaration of the rights of women
olympia de gougesfirst work to argue for the rights of womensame responsibilities= same rights
louis XVIII
weak but well intentional monarch-married to marie antoinettehired a series of finance ministerseventually influenced by the 2nd and 3rd estatesguillotined
congress of vienna
final peace settlement after napoleon's defeat-quadruple alliance(holy alliance)
1789
seminal year;year of revolution
first estate
clergy and catholic church, 10% land, no taxes
second estate
french aristocrats; 30% land no taxes
third estate
the masses of france; 50% land, all taxes
order of the governments in revolutionary france
estates generalnational assemblylegislative assemblyfirst republic-national convention 1792-committee of public safety 1792-1794-directory 1794-1799-consulate 1799-1804
napoleonic art
coronation of napoleon by davidthe third of may by goya
peninsula war
1807-1814napoleon tried to go through spain in order to attack portugalspain resisted with the help of britainvicious guerilla war
elba
island napoleon was exiled to
hundred days
1815when napoleon escaped elba, france quickly rallied around himlouis XVIII had to flee