absolutism
a government which wields a great deal of control over its society
divine right monarchy
god chooses kings, total power in the hands of a chosen king
estates-general
historical parliament of france
letat c'est moi
I am the state"motto of louis XIV
ape
copy
mercantilism
the economic theory that dominated 18th century thought
tariff
tax on an import
league of augsburg
an alliance of anti-french nations organized by william of orangelate 1600s
claimants
one who makes a claim to something
constitutional monarchy
a king whose power is limited by law
polyglots
multiple languages
kaiser
prussian/german emperor
junker
prussian/german nobility
bureaucracy
the machinery of government; usually inefficient and slow moving
asiento
england's right to sell african slaves in spain's new colonies
zenith/nadir
highest/lowest point
mongol yoke
a term for the period in russian history where the russians were enslaved by the mongols
tsar
russian emperor
boyar
russian nobility
autocracy
russian absolute divine right of the tsar to rule russia
kremlin
fortress/palace complex in the heart of moscow; traditional sear of russian power
bicameral
2 house legislative body
social contract
theory of government that there is an unwritten agreement between a people and their government; 1700 popular
leviathon
a great beast of the sea
regicide
the killing of a king
quartering
when a government forces citizens to house soldiers at their own expense
arbitrary
random
martial law
military law
popular sovereignty
all power comes from the people
cavalier/roundheads
supporters of charles during the english civil war/supporters of parliament
republic
a government without a crowned head of state
jean bodin
the republic-god selects kings = divine right-blueprint of absolutism
cardinal richelieu
louis XIIIbuilt up the system of absolutism in france1st goal to make the king supreme in france-broke the nobility-intendants-broke the huguenots2nd goal to make france supreme in all of europe-breaking the hapsburgs(30 years war)
fronde
uprising of frustrated nobles against the growing power of the monarchy
mazarin
guided louis XIV
louis XIV
(bourbon)"sun king"personification of the absolute monarchestablished greatest royal court in history at versaillesaided by mazarin and colbert
colbert
MERCANTILISMfinancial advisor of louis XIV-government should dominate economic planning-goal should be a self sufficient economy-advocated high tariffs-acquire colonies-acquire as much bullion as possible and restrict free trade
30 years war
devastated hapsburgs and HREtreaty of westphalia-began as a civil war in the HRE but soon involved denmark, sweden and france(calvinists were not included in the terms of the peace of augsburgs)
william of orange
enemy of louis XIV-league of augsburgcountered france's dominance"balance of power
war of spanish succession
france and spain against league of augsburg (britain(william III))rooted in the longstanding fears of the dominance of france and the bourbons in europe-marked the end of french expansion-english were becoming powerfultreaty of utrecht -bourbons kept spanish and french thrones-england got asiento and gibralto
edict of fontainbleau
revocation of edict of nantesall huguenots had to convert or leave francelouis XIV"un roi un foi un loi
peter the great
russiacentralized government authorityforced western mannerswarm water port
great northern war
russia vs sweden-goal to secure a "window to the west" for russiatreaty of nystadt
magna carta
king john forced to sign when defeated by nobility-limited his power
english limited government bicameral legislature
house of commons house of lords"consent of the government"-power to tax-power to pass laws
thomas hobbes
first asserted that there is a social conract-the leviathon
english civil war
regicide of charles Ishaped hobbes thoughts
locke
-of civil government: two treatises-agrees with hobbes that there is a social contract-CAN BE BROKEN"right to revolt""life liberty and property
james I
son of mary queen of scots-true law of free monarchsintelligent but bad with parliament
charles I
son of James Ibiggest failure in english historysigned the petition of right for money and then went back on his word(no taxation without representation, no quartering, no arbitrary arrest, no marital law)
eleven years of tyranny
1629-1640when charles ruled as a virtual absolute monarch after recanting the petitionended when he called in parliament to vote in taxes for war w/scots = long parliament
long parliament
led into english civil warfight about who should possess greater power, king or parliament-cavaliers and roundheads
oliver cromwell
led roundheadsbuilt new model armywon the english civil war
english commonwealth
only republic in english historyoliver cromwell as "lord protector"long parliament became the "rump"-first constitution death of cromwell = restoration of the monarchy
charles II
test act tried to ease anti-catholic laws= backfire= clarendon code
test act (1672)
barred all non- anglicans from holding any government or military leadership position
treaty of dover
charles II promised to convert to catholicismLouis XIV promimsed money and military supportNEVER HAPPENED (TREASONOUS)
popish plot
a group of anti james (charles II brother and heir) people concocted a plot to discredit james-claimed he was in a plot to kill the king and take the throne
whigs/tories
popish plot brought out division:whigs were opposed to james' succession to the thronetories supported him
james II
unpopularremarried a young french princess and had a son = permanent catholic succession
glorious revolution
leaders of parliament asked invited william and mary to overthrow james
william and mary
joint sovereignsconstitutional monarchsbill of rightstolerance act
bill of rights
respected the rights of englishmen
tolerance act
gave freedom to all protestants
act of settlement
declared no catholic could ever sit on the english throne and that if queen anne should die childless the throne would pass to the hannover dynasty
Henry IV
concentrated more and more power centralizedefficient government ended religious violencestabilized economyedict of nantes
duke of sully
huguenotbrought into the government by Henry IV
william and mary
joint soverignsoverthrew james IIconstitutional monarchstolerance act -freedom for protestants
treaty of utrecht
ended the war of spanish succession
treaty of westphalia
ended the thirty years war
true law of free monarchs
author james II
the leviathon
author hobbes
new model army
army built by oliver cromwellserved the english commonwealth
the rump
what was left of the long parliament supported oliver cromwell and the english commonwealth
gunpowder plot
guy fawkes and robert catesbyfailed assassination attempt on James Iby blowing up the house of lordsconflict over religious intolerance
romanov
royal family of russia-peter the great
time of troubles
period between the death of the last russian tsar feodor ivanavhof the rurik dynasty and the establishment of the romanov dynasty in 1613
treaty of nystadt
ended the great northern war
brandenburg-prussia
old state of the HREgrew into a power at the end of 30 years warrival of austria for dominance in german europe
hohenzolleran
controlled prussia with a kaiser and no parliamentworked with the junkershighly militaristic style
james II
king of englanddevout catholicdeclaration of indulgence-suspended laws banning catholicsoverthrown by william and mary
charles II
merry monarch"tried to sympathize with the catholics-clarendon code-test act
queen anne
successor of william and maryprotestantall 8 children died
emile
author rousseau
candide
author voltaire
letters on the english
author voltaire