temporal
a political or secular matter
clergy
one who works for a religion as an occupation
layman
a member of the church but not clergy
tithe
a percentage of your income given to support the church, usually 10%
dogma
the teachings of a religion
nepotism
to show favoritism or unfair preference for family or friends
simony
to buy or sell a religious office
pluralism
holding more tan one religious title
indulgences
things that you can do to lessen the weight of your sins, by the 1400s you could buy them
vulgate bible
latin medieval bible used in the catholic church
formalism
belief that the church had become too concerned with how something was done instead of why
utopia
greek word for nowhere, a perfect, ideal place
status quo
things the way they are
faith alone
luther's idea that faith not works lead to salvation
faith and works
catholic idea that both are needed for salvation
hohenzolleran
royal family of prussia, later germany
fugger
great banking family of northern europe; like medici
diet
a court
recant
to take back
condmen
to sentence to death
priesthood of all believers
luther's belief that all christians are equally blessed by the holy spirit, no special priestly powers
scandanavia
northernmost region of europe: denmark, iceland, norway, sweden, sometimes finland
atrocities
senseless, cruel, violent act
chaplain
a clergyman who serves in the military ministering to soldiers
transubstantiation
in a catholic mass the bread and wine are transformed into the actual body and blood of christ
consubstantiation
protestant idea of communion that the bread and wine are only symbolic of the body and blood of christ
sect
a smaller group within a larger one, usually a small group persecuted by the larger one
predestination
calvanist dogma that god predetermines salvation and damnation, and nothing you can do will change it
icon
a religious image
iconoclastic
one who smashes religious idols
archbishop of canterbury
the senior religious leader of the anglican church
act of supremacy
1533 law that named the king head of the church in england
act of uniformity
a law that required every church in england to use the book of common prayer
consort
married to a reigning king or queen
soverign
a reigning king or queen
act of religious settlement
promises religious toleration in england to all who would choose nation first and religion second
politique
a term for one who puts nation first above religion
huguenots
french protestants, calvanists
kirk
scotish protestant political movement led by john knox
anabaptists
all radical non traditional protestants in europe
annulment
to end a marriage by declaring it invalid
illegitimate
not legal
abdicate
a ruler either voluntarily or involuntarily gives up a throne
39 articles
a new confession of faith defined by theological issues; midway between lutheranism and calvanism during the reign of queen elizabeth
battle of lepanto
1571spain's holy league vs. turkishencroachments in the mediterranean resulted in victory over the turkish fleet
pope paul III
appointed the reform committee of the catholic church
king francis I
valoisfather of henry IIIrival of charles Vhapsburg-valois wars
church of england
anglican-Henryseized church lands and sold to aristocratspriests were forced to swear loyalty to the king or dienobility forced to sign the act of supremacy
john calvin
calvanismforced to flee to genevainstitutes of the christian religion
institutes of the christian religion
calvan's most important work, outlined the basic structure for protestant church, WRITTEN IN FRENCH predestination"doctrine of the elect"faith aloneconsubstantiationiconoclastics
queen catherine de' medici
st. bartholomews day massacremarired henry II (valois)pulled the strings behind Francis II, charles IX and Henry III (her sons)
mary queen of scots
beheaded by elizabeth after being involved in a plot to kill her
william the silent
leader of the dutch protestants against the spanish duke of alba, sent by the king
act of supremacy
Henry VIII1533named the king head of the church of england
thomas cromwell
helped henry VIII with dissolution of monasteries and organizing the government's new role in the church
suleiman the magnificent
leader of the ottoman turksdefeated king louis of hungary(charles V brother in law)
edict of nantes
henry IV of navarregranted huguenots full religious toleration-200 fortified cities
council of blood
a form of the inquisition used by philip II in the revolt in the netherlands
act of religious settlement
passed by elizabeth Ipromised religious toleration as long as you were loyal to the crownkept a general peace
act of uniformity
1549introduced the book of common prayermade all services in england the same
queen elizabeth I
-final victory of protestantism in england-act of religious settlement 15559-enemy of philip after declaring to be protestant- aided the dutch in revolt against spain-executed by mary stuart-supported pirate campaigns-spanish armada
revolt of the netherlands
spanish netherlands began converting to calvanism and were attacked by the duke of albacouncil of blooddutch resisted alba, led by william the silentreligious liberty and independence
king henry IV of navarre
married margot (valois) on st. bartholomews dayhad to convert to catholocismgranted edict of nantes- full religious toleration and restored religious peace
henri guise
lead the massacre in st bartholomews day
king philip II
spaindevout catholicbelieved his destiny was to restore catholicism all over the continent financially supported by the new worldlost holland
french wars of religion
violence between catholics and huguenotscatholic leaguest. bartholomews day massacre edict of nantes created temporary peace
society of jesus
jesuitsfounded by ignatious of loyolaforceful order of the churchspecialized in education and set up schools all over the world
council of trent
1545-1563made profound changes in church life-required priests to be more educated-ended sale of indulgences, pluralism, and simony-standardized mass in latin-reaffirmed all basic catholic beleifs
catholic reformation
needed assistance of major catholic monarchs in europe for military responsecatholic monarchs hated potestants but did not want the church to become more powerfulalso at war themselves
doctrine of the elect
those chosen for salvation in calvanism
peace of augsburg
HRE ferdinand I allowed each state within the empire to select its own religion; catholic or lutheran-ruler's faithtemporarily restored religious peace
ulrich zwingli
swiss priest and chaplainstudent of erasmus but caused a break-consubstantiation
marburg colloquoy
zwubgku vs. lutheridea of transubstantiationbroke into separate sects
diet of worms/edict of worms
luther was forced to appear before HRE and officialswould not recant and condemned to death- fleed to the protection of german princes
martin luther
95 theses-a challenge to the whole concept of indulgences (1517)"jsut shall live by faith alone
sir thomas more
advisor to henry VIII-executedutopia-describes a blueprint of how to make a perfect world in an imperfect on, recognizes that no such place exists
queen mary I
devout catholicattempted to reestablish catholicismpushed to hard = missed opportunity(bloody mary)
king edward VI
henry VIII and lady jane seymorehis reign marked the beginning of the faith in englandact of uniformity
king henry VIII
took the popes side in diet of worms"defender of the faith"break with church was political not religious2nd of the tudor dynastycatherine of aragon, anne boleyn, jane seymore, anne cleves, katherine howard, catherine darr
HRE charles V
enemy of francis I of franceat war with ottoman turksedict of worms (luther) made no attempt "i do not make war on dead men"attack protestant states = civil war1555 abdicated -brother ferdinand and son philip II
peasants war
rose against nobles in swabialuther did not support (loyalty to princes who protected him)-against the robbing and murdering hordes of peasants
erasmus of rotterdam
-handbook of the christian knight-in praise of human follyinspired others who broke from the church
christian humanism
attempted to reform the church from the insidefavored simplified religious servicecatholics who wanted reform but not to leave the church altogetherERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM AND THOMAS MORE
anabaptistsmillenarianism
common slur of all "radical" protestantsreferred to the tradition of adult baptism-amish, mennonites, quakers, unitariansmillenarianism- belief that the end of the word was at hand
schmalkaldic league
a league of protestants, created for a defense against the catholics
baroque
architecture-kept essence of classical techniques but with detailing and colorful flourishes (palace at versailles)art-highly ornamented style concerned with the use of balance and harmony and passionliterature-paradise lost
puritans
english protestants inspired by calvanist theology who wished to remove all traces of catholicism in the church of england
spanish armada
fleet of spanish warships sent to do battle on england (elizabeth)1588
philip melanchthon
praecepter germaniaesaxonydivided students into 3 classes based on age or capabilities
sir william cecil
cheif advisor for elizabeth I during her reign
united provinces
the northern parts of the netherlands that broke from philip in the revolt of the netherlands
ecclesiastical ordinances
church constitution of calvin-created church government that used both clergy and layman in the service of the church
leipzig debate
luther vs. johann eyckluther was forced to move beyond indulgences to deny the authority of popes and councils -luther identified with john hus, a condemned heretic