Define Motivation.?
A need or desire that serves to energize behavior and to direct it towards a goal.?
List the six motivation theoretical perspectives.
- Instinct- Drive Reduction- Incentive- Arousal- Cognition- Hierachy of Needs
Define Instinct.
Biologically determined inborn, unlearned patterns of behavior essential for surival.
Instinct can explain much of animal and human ____________, but less so for humans.
behavior
Define Drive-Reduction Theory.
Physiological need creating a psychological state that drives behavior to reduce the need.
Define Homeostasis.
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state and is the psychological goal of the drive-reduction theory.
Drive-reduction theory is seen as __________ us towards a goal from an ____________ perspective.
- pushing- internal
Define incentive.
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that movtivates behavior.
From an _____________ perspective, incentives _______ us toward or away from something.
- external- pull
Neither _______________ or ____________ does not explain why we do things due to curiousity or thrill seeking reasons.
- incentives- cognitives
Define arousal.
Maintaining a certain level of stimulation and activity.
Define cognitive.
Motivation through thoughts, expectations, and understanding of the world.
Define Yerkes-Doson Law.
The relationship between arousal and performance that states that our best performance is when we are moderately aroused.
Define Maslow�s Hierachy of Needs.
Motivation that progresses from meeting the most fundamental, basic biological needs to higher-order ones.
List the five parts of Maslow�s Hierachy of Needs in order from most basic to highest order
- Physiological Needs- Safety Needs- Belongingness and Love Needs- Esteem Needs- Self Actualization Needs
Define Physiological Needs.
Need to satisfy hunger and thirst
Define Safety Needs.
Need to feel that the world is organized and predictible; need to feel safe, secure, and stable.
Define Belongingness and Love Needs.
Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation.
Define Esteem Needs
Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others.
Define Self-Actualization Needs.
Need to live up to one�s fullest and unique potential.