centralist view
adaptory reasonswe have them because it helps us surviveescape threat
functionalist view
motivates organism to behave in certain ways force your attention, motivate youinnatedistinct set of emotions
cross-sepcies similarity of expression
darwins evolutionary approachsee same rxns in other animalsthere is a continum of emotionNOT part of Darwin idea is that emotion is used for comm.serviceable associated habits
serviceable associated habits
emotion states induce actionsanger leads to biting axn �> show teethhabits that become associated with the emotional state because they become apart of that fxnovertime, form habit of making expression when angry others use this as signal of your emotional state.
Duchenne
first to put a book of emotional facial expressions
Modern approaches
cross-cultural studiesNew Guinea studies
cross-cultural studies (Ekman and Izard)
60-98% agreement across culturesfear sometimes confused with surprise
New Guinea Studies
more than chance, facial expression shared across culturesdistinct facial expressions for SOME emotions
Blind and Deaf children
if innate then must see early and in those of deaf and blindin study:� surprised expression when the doll fell on her back� smiled when realized it was toy� demonstrated anger� temper tantrums were evident
facial feedback
Strack et al Exp (1988)facial expressions can feedback your emotional responseppl thought the cartoon was funnier when they held the pen with their teeth creating a smile
appraisal
sense judgements"unconsciouslyongoing processalways changing
cognitive appraisals
Magda Arnold's theory
Magda Arnold's theory
perception �> appraisal �> emotion
social constructivist perspective
emotions are social roles (social perscribed way to behave, you learn from them)learn from cultureno basic or innate emotions
social constructivist perspective problems
continuity btn animals and humansemotional behaviors in infants universality of some facial expressions
social constructivist reconsidered
weaker versionculture �> appraisal �> emotionculture influences appraisalculture �> emotional behavior (ex. display rules)culture influence how much of an emotion you would showculture can affect cognitive appraisal and facial expression
Cues to Catching lies
hesitationdiscrepancy w/ voice and facial expressiondrop in a voiceshrugs