Centralist theories
propose CNS mechanisms for emotionperipheral arousal not essential for emotion
centralist model of emotion
stimulus �> perception of stimulus �> activation of emotion brain centers �> arousal and facial expressions
motivational states
shaped by evolutionary pressures
function
motivate certain adaptive behaviorsex. fear motivates escape
Hohmann's Study - spinal cord injury studies
results: in interview, ppl had decrease in anger, fear, sexual excitmentexception: greater "sentiment" since injury (wept more)
Conclusion to Hohmann's Study
Visceral feedback important for emotion
Chwalisz, Cobos overall findings
spinal cord injury does NOT decrease emo. exp. compared to those who are disabled
Beta Blocker studies
drug given to heart patients because it reduces b.p. and h.r.block ANS arousal
Bernadt study
subject were shown snakes and spiders with beta blockers or a placeboresults: no difference in distance to snakes and spiders (arousal not essential)
James et al (1977) - Stage Fright studies
ppl felt less nervous and performed better on betta blockers
Herley et al. (1983) - Public speaking
Results: taking betta blockers decreases self-rating of anxiousness and observers rating also noted decrease in anxiousness
Conclusion to Stage Fright Studies
beta blockers decreases emotionappears to support Schnachter and James-Lang theory
Harris Hypothesis
stage fright is a threat = physiological arousalremove the physio. arousal take away the threat which also takes away the fear
Ax (1953) exp
Results: 7 of 14 measurements show difference btn anger and fear
Schwartz et al (1981) exp
Results: diff. emo = diff SNS patternssubtle differences
Shwartz Hypothesis of Anger and Fear
Diff. evolutionary fxn �> diff. SNS patterns (body is getting ready for those behaviors)anger:need muscle strength, min. bleedingfear:increase speed and endurance
Overall summary of Stage fright and beta blocker studies
arousal not necessary for emotionarousal may intensify emotionsome emotions have diff. patterns of arousal (not as distinct as James imagined)