Thickest walled, powerful chamber of the heart:
left ventricle
Large vessels returning blood to the right atrium:
superior and inferior vena cava
Thinnest walled blood vessels:
capillaries
Inner lining of the heart:
endocardium
Last valve which blood passes through on its way of of the heart:
aortic valve
Active phase of the cardiac cycle _______, resting phase _______
systole, diastole
Outer layer of the heart:
epicardium
Muscular layer of the heart:
myocardium
Normal heart mechanism, but fast:
Sinus tachycardia
Normal heart mechanism, but slow:
sinus bradycardia
Range for normal adult heart rate:
60-100 bpm
Tricuspid valve separates which two chambers:
right atrium, right ventricle
Valve between left atrium and ventricle:
mitral (bicuspid) valve
Superior vena cava delivers blood to the:
right atrium
Outside covering or sac surrounding the heart:
pericardium
Thin-walled upper heart chambers, receiving blood from veins:
atria
Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery:
pulmonic valve
Umbilical cord - how many veins, how many arteries:
1 vein, 2 arteries
List, in order, the components of the heart's electrical conduction system:
SA node>AV node>Bundle of His>L/R bundle branches>Purkinje fibers
Medical term for a heart attack:
myocardial infarction
Causes of pumonary vasoconstriction:
hypoxia, hypercapnia, high altitude, acidemia
Vessels which return blood to the heart:
veins
Vessels which supply blood, oxygen, nutrients to the heart:
coronary arteries
Universal blood donor type:
O
Heart's rest period between contractions:
diastole
Vessels which carry blood, osygen, nutrients out to the body:
arteries
Average PO2 in the umbilical arteries during fetal life:
20 hg/mm
Differences between fetal cirulation and adult circulation:
ductus arteriousus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale
Most oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the _________ via the __________.
right atrium, umbilical cord
Alveoli count in a normal newborn:
24 million
Approximate tidal volume in a newborn:
15 ml
Medical term for RBCs and WBCs:
erythrocytes, leukocytes
Three primary functions of the blood:
Carry oxygen, carry nutrients, defend against infection
What happens in the heart during the P wave?
atria contracts (depolarizes)
What happens in the heart during the QRS complex?
ventricles contracts (depolarizes)
What happens to the heart during the T wave?
atria repolarizes
What is the duration of the PR interval?
.12 - .20 seconds
BP = _____ x _____
BP = CO x SVR
(SVR is systemic vascular resistance)
CO = _____ X _____
CO = SV x HR
(*SV IS APPROX 70 ml) CO is cardiac output expressed in L/min (normal ~5 L/min)SV is stroke volume per beat (normal ~70ml)HR is the number of beats per minute