Cardiopulmonary A&P Heart Exam Review


Thickest walled, powerful chamber of the heart:


left ventricle


Large vessels returning blood to the right atrium:


superior and inferior vena cava


Thinnest walled blood vessels:


capillaries


Inner lining of the heart:


endocardium


Last valve which blood passes through on its way of of the heart:


aortic valve


Active phase of the cardiac cycle _______, resting phase _______


systole, diastole


Outer layer of the heart:


epicardium


Muscular layer of the heart:


myocardium


Normal heart mechanism, but fast:


Sinus tachycardia


Normal heart mechanism, but slow:


sinus bradycardia


Range for normal adult heart rate:


60-100 bpm


Tricuspid valve separates which two chambers:


right atrium, right ventricle


Valve between left atrium and ventricle:


mitral (bicuspid) valve


Superior vena cava delivers blood to the:


right atrium


Outside covering or sac surrounding the heart:


pericardium


Thin-walled upper heart chambers, receiving blood from veins:


atria


Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery:


pulmonic valve


Umbilical cord - how many veins, how many arteries:


1 vein, 2 arteries


List, in order, the components of the heart's electrical conduction system:


SA node>AV node>Bundle of His>L/R bundle branches>Purkinje fibers


Medical term for a heart attack:


myocardial infarction


Causes of pumonary vasoconstriction:


hypoxia, hypercapnia, high altitude, acidemia


Vessels which return blood to the heart:


veins


Vessels which supply blood, oxygen, nutrients to the heart:


coronary arteries


Universal blood donor type:


O


Heart's rest period between contractions:


diastole


Vessels which carry blood, osygen, nutrients out to the body:


arteries


Average PO2 in the umbilical arteries during fetal life:


20 hg/mm


Differences between fetal cirulation and adult circulation:


ductus arteriousus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale


Most oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the _________ via the __________.


right atrium, umbilical cord


Alveoli count in a normal newborn:


24 million


Approximate tidal volume in a newborn:


15 ml


Medical term for RBCs and WBCs:


erythrocytes, leukocytes


Three primary functions of the blood:


Carry oxygen, carry nutrients, defend against infection


What happens in the heart during the P wave?


atria contracts (depolarizes)


What happens in the heart during the QRS complex?


ventricles contracts (depolarizes)


What happens to the heart during the T wave?


atria repolarizes


What is the duration of the PR interval?


.12 - .20 seconds


BP = _____ x _____


BP = CO x SVR

(SVR is systemic vascular resistance)


CO = _____ X _____


CO = SV x HR

(*SV IS APPROX 70 ml) CO is cardiac output expressed in L/min (normal ~5 L/min)SV is stroke volume per beat (normal ~70ml)HR is the number of beats per minute