Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
neostigmine
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of AchUse: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
pyridostigmine
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of AchUse: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
ambenonium
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitors - decrease breakdown of AchUse: treat: myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness by antibodies attacking receptors)
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
verapamil
cardiac muscle drugscalcium channel blockers - can decrease heart rate and cardiac outputUse: antihypertensives, anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmics
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
diltiazem
cardiac muscle drugscalcium channel blockers - can decrease heart rate and cardiac outputUse: antihypertensives, anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmics
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
metoprolol
cardiac muscle drugsBeta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulationUse: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
carvedilol
cardiac muscle drugsBeta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulationUse: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
atenolol
cardiac muscle drugsBeta blockers - blocks affects of sympathetic nervous system stimulationUse: treat: angina, hypertension, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
digoxin
cardiac muscle drugsIndirect effect: inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, ultimately increases intracellular calcium - acts to increase contractilityUse: treat: heart failure
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
losartan (Cozaar)
smooth muscle drugsangiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressureUse: treat: hypertension
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
valsartan (Diovan)
smooth muscle drugsangiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressureUse: treat: hypertension
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
candesartan (Atacand)
smooth muscle drugsangiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - blocks vasoconstriction to lower blood pressureUse: treat: hypertension
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
nitroglycerin
smooth muscle drugsorganic nitrates/NO donors - metabolized to NO which dilates veins and coronary arteriesUse: treat: angina
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
albuterol
smooth muscle drugsbronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)Use: treat: asthma
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
terbutaline
smooth muscle drugsbronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)Use: treat: asthma
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
salmeterol
smooth muscle drugsbronchodilators - sympathomimetics cause bronchodilation (open up airways)Use: treat: asthma
Tetanus (Bryant)
DTaP vaccine (booster every __ years)
Unimmunized - anti-toxin ?
body makes antibodies to neurotoxinbooster every 10 yearsanti-toxin = antibodies (will not reverse damaged already done)
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
dantrolene
muscle relaxant that dissociates excitation-contraction couplingUse: patients with: taking general anesthetics
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
nondepolarizing
skeletal muscle drugsneuromuscular blocking drugs - antagonist at Ach receptor, prevents Ach from binding, prevent depolarization and action potentialUse: adjuncts during general anesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation and optimize surgical conditions
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
Tubocurarine
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitors reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
cisatracurium
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitorsreverse neuromuscular blocking drugs
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
depolarizing
skeletal muscle drugsneuromuscular blocking drugs - acts as a depolarizing agonist at Ach receptor; phase 1: it binds to receptor and causes depolarization, not metabolized effectively at synapse, so membranes remain depolarized and unresponsive to subsequent impulses (depolarizing block)phase 2: acts as if channel is in prolonged closed state (desensitized)
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
succinylcholine (the ONLY one approved in U.S.)
skeletal muscle drugscholinesterase inhibitorsreverse neuromuscular blocking drugs at PHASE 2 only
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
Diazepam
skeletal muscle drugsspasmolytics - act to decrease muscle spasms and increase muscle tone
Muscle Drugs (Bryant)
baclofen
skeletal muscle drugsspasmolytics - act to decrease muscle spasms and increase muscle tone
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Testosterone and related substances
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#1) anabolic androgenic steroids 1. stimulate protein synthesis = muscle growth2. stimulate hematopoiesis = RBC production (for oxygen)Use: patients with: atrophy (due to illness or injury), anemia, hooves (vet meds)Side effects: altered moods, acne, alopecia (loss of hair), genital shrinkage (testicles no longer need to make testosterone thus gets smaller)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
growth hormone
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#2) Peptide hormones + growth factors1. cell growth and proliferation
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
chorionic gonadotropin + luteinizing hormone
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#2) Peptide hormones + growth factors1. cell growth and proliferation
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
insulin
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#2) Peptide hormones + growth factors1. cell growth and proliferation
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
EPO + EPO stimulants
(Erythropoietin)
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#2) Peptide hormones + growth factors1. cell growth and proliferation
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
albuterol
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#3) Beta-2 agonists1. bronchodilation (allows more oxygen through increased size of airways)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
salmeterol
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#3) Beta-2 agonists1. bronchodilation (allows more oxygen through increased size of airways)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
tamoxifen
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#4) Estrogen receptor modulators (both activity of antagonist and agonist)1. counter side effects of anabolic steroidsUse: patients with: breast cancer
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
clomiphene
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#4) Estrogen receptor modulators (both activity of antagonist and agonist)1. counter side effects of anabolic steroidsUse: patients with: PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
furosemide
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#5) Diuretics or plasma expanders1. diuretic (lose/decrease fluid in system)2. mask drug use, weight loss
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
spironolactone
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#5) Diuretics or plasma expanders1. diuretic (lose/decrease fluid in system)2. mask drug use, weight loss
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
dextran
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#5) Diuretics or plasma expanders1. expander (dilute/increase fluid in system)2. mask drug use, weight loss
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
mannitol
prohibited: IN and OUT of competition#5) Diuretics or plasma expanders1. expander (dilute/increase fluid in system)2. mask drug use, weight loss
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
amphetamine
prohibited: IN competition only#1) Stimulants 1. increase endurance, focus, staminaUse: patients with: ADHD
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
methylphenidate
prohibited: IN competition only#1) Stimulants1. increase endurance, focus, staminaUse: patients with: ADHD
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
ephedrine
prohibited: IN competition only#1) Stimulants1. increase endurance, focus, staminaUse: patients with: ADHD
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
oxycodone
prohibited: IN competition only#2) Narcotics1. suppress painUse: patients with: tooth pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
fentanyl
prohibited: IN competition only#2) Narcotics1. suppress painUse: patients with: tooth pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
morphine
prohibited: IN competition only#2) Narcotics1. suppress painUse: patients with: tooth pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
prednisone
prohibited: IN competition only#3) Glucocorticosteroids1. suppress inflammation and pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
dexamethasone
prohibited: IN competition only#3) Glucocorticosteroids1. suppress inflammation and pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
cortisol
prohibited: IN competition only#3) Glucocorticosteroids1. suppress inflammation and pain
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
prohibited: IN competition only#4) Cannabinoids (Marijuana)1. suppress emesis (vomiting) and painUse: patients with: glaucoma
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
atenolol
prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)#5) Beta-blockers1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
bisoprolol
prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)#5) Beta-blockers1. increase stability (shake less form nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
metoprolol
prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)#5) Beta-blockers1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
propanolol
prohibited: IN competition only (18 specific sports)#5) Beta-blockers1. increase stability (shake less from nervousness or feeling under the pressure)
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Budweiser
prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)#6) Alcohol1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Pabst
prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)#6) Alcohol1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
Muscle Drugs (Richard)
Miller Lite
prohibited: IN competition only (8 specific sports)#6) Alcohol1. sedating (calm nerves) BUT impairs motor ability
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Insecticides
irreversible (mostly) = toxinInhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Sarin nerve gas
irreversible (mostly) = toxinInhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Aricept (donepezil)
reversible = medicationsInhibitors of acetylcholinesterase Use: patients with: Alzheimers
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cocaine
block reuptake transporters (Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin Transporters)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
buproprion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
block reuptake transporters (Dopamin, Norepinephrine, Serotonin Transporters)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
atomoxetine (Straterra)
block specific reuptake transporter - Norepinephrine Transporter (NET)Anti-ADHD
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
paroxetine (Paxil) [SSRI]
block specific reuptake transporter - Serotonin Transporter (SERT)Anti-depressantUse: patients with: depression, OCD
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
amphetamines (Adderal)/ "Meth" amphetamines
reverses reuptake transporters (DAT, NET, SERT) = effluxEfflux of dopamine, NE, serotonin from neuronal vesiclesEfflux into synapse via reuptake transportersIncreases dopamine, NE, serotonin levels in brain
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
MAO (monoAmine Oxidase) inhibiting drugs
doesn't allow for inactivation of NTs by oxidation.Use: patients with: depression
Nervous System Drugs (Nickola)
Plasmapheresis
wash your plasma to get inflammatory antibodies stuff out of thereUse: patients with: Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Nervous System Drugs (Nickola)
glucocorticoids, Interferon-Beta, muscle relaxants
calm immune system, stop the twitches or tetaniUse: patients with: Multiple Sclerosis
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Ketamine
NMDA channel blockersgeneral anesthetic; dissociative anesthetic
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Phencyclidine piperdine (PCP)
NMDA channel blockerscauses euphoria, hallucinations, hostility, violent behaviorUse: patients with: (chronic) memory loss, cognitive impairment
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Methadone (top 200)
NMDA channel blockerssome affinity for NMDA receptor, but MAINLY an opioid antagonistUse: patients with: Opiate addiction
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
memantine (NAMENDA - top 200)
NMDA channel blockersused to slow progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
alprazolam
Anxiolytic Benzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)Used for:bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomniaanticonvulsant, antiplasticity
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
lorazepam
AnxiolyticBenzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)Used for:bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomniaanticonvulsant, antiplasticity
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
diazepam
AnxiolyticBenzodiazepines (GABAa potentiation- increases RATE of channel opening)Used for:bipolar disorder (manic episodes), anxiety disorders, panic disorders, insomniaanticonvulsant, antiplastiplasticity
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
phenobarbital (top 200)
Barbiturates (GABAa potentiation- increases DURATION of channel opening)anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines (most commonly prescribed)Antidepressants, Beta-adreneric blockersBuspirone (serotonin receptor agonist)
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
zolpidem (Ambien)
Non-benzodiazepine (top 200)sleep promotion via GABAa potentiation
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Non-benzodiazepine (top 200)sleep promotion via GABAa potentiation
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
liquid ecstasy
recreational drug- rave scenereduce anxiety, euphoriaGHB (Gamma hydroxybuterate)
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
date-rape drug
recreational drug- bar sceneinduces stupor, reduces memoryGHB (Gamma hydroxybuterate)
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
GHB in the Gym scene
recreational drugprolonged sleep causes INCREASED GH release
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Strychnine
BLOCK glycine receptor (glycine inhibitor)from plantused as rat poisoncauses loss of negative control and causes convulsions and rigidity (lose control over muscles)
Nervous System Drugs (Bryant)
Tetanus toxin
INHIBIT glycine releasefrom bacteria (deep puncture wound)used to promote spasticity and tetanus
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
loratadine (Claritin)
H1 Antagonism antihistimine medication for allergieslow sedation (low entry to CNS)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
H1 Antagonismantihistimine medication for allergiesmedium sedation (medium entry to CNS)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
H1 Antagonismantihistimine medication for allergieshigh sedation (high entry to CNS)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
H2 Antagonismheartburn medicationnote: very high doses may result in erectile dysfunction
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
ranitidine (Zantac)
H2 Antagonismheartburn medicationnote: very high doses may result in erectile dysfunction
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
Amitriptyline
inhibits reuptake transporters (NE, serotonin)increases NE/serotonin levels in brainAnti- depression
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)
Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-1 receptors (blood vessels) Agonism (vasoconstriction)Use: patients with: decongestant
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
prazosin (Minipress)
Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-1 receptors (blood vessels) Antagonism (vasodilation)Use: patients with: hypertension
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
clonidine (Catapres)
Adrenergic receptors: Alpha-2 (brain, adrenal gland) Agonism (autoreceptor = decrease NE release)Use: patients with: hypertension
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
dobutamine
Adrenergic receptors: Beta-1 (heart) Agonism (heart stimulation)Use: patients with: heart failure
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
Adrenergic receptors: Beta-1 (heart) Antagonism (heart inhibition)Use: patients with: hypertension
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
albuterol (Proventil)
Adrenergic receptors: Beta-2 (lungs) Agonism (airway-relaxation)Use: patients with: asthma
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
MDMA (ecstasy)
positive moodreverses reuptake transporters: increases serotonin levels in brain and plasma
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
fenfluramine
loss of appetitereverses reuptake transporters: increases serotonin levels in brain and plasma
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
buspirone (top 200)
5-HT1A (CNS) - [Autoreceptor/heteroreceptor], Agonismanxiolyticdecrease release of glutamine = less anxiety
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
sumatriptan
5-HT1B/1D (CNS) - [Autoreceptor/heteroreceptor] Agonismanti-migrainesvasoconstriction in CNS
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
LSD
5-HT2A Agonismgeneral excitation in CNShallucinogens (too much activity)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
mushrooms (the bad kind)
5-HT2A Agonismgeneral excitation in CNShallucinogens (too much activity)
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
5-HT2A Antagonismnote: inhibits dopamine receptors aslo = side effectsanti-psychotic
Nervous System Drugs (Richard)
ondansetron
5-HT3 Antagonismanti-emetic (inhibit vomiting via receptors on vagus nerve in GI tract and receptors in brain that are accessible to circulating serotonin)