hydrolase
general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic cleavage reaction
nuclease
breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
protease
breaks down proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds between amino acids
synthase
general name used for enzymes that synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two molecules together
isomerase
catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule
polymerase
catalyzes polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA
kinase
catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules. protein kinases are an important group of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins
phosphatase
catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
oxido-reductase
general name for enzymes that catalyze reactions in which one molecule is oxidized while the other is reducedEnzymes of this type are often called oxidases, reductase, or dehydrogenases
ATPase
hydrolyzes ATPMany proteins with a wide range of roles have an energy-harnessing ATPase activity as part of their function, including motor proteins such as myosin and membrane transport proteins such as the sodium-potassium pump
Primary
covalent bonds link amino acids into polypeptide chain
secondary
hydrogen bonds from alpha helix and beta sheets
tertiary
hydrogen, Van der Waals, ionic and non-polar bonds complete folding
Quarternary
interactions between protein subunits