C&M


hydrolase


general term for enzymes that catalyze a hydrolytic cleavage reaction


nuclease


breaks down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides


protease


breaks down proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds between amino acids


synthase


general name used for enzymes that synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two molecules together


isomerase


catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule


polymerase


catalyzes polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA


kinase


catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules. protein kinases are an important group of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins


phosphatase


catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule


oxido-reductase


general name for enzymes that catalyze reactions in which one molecule is oxidized while the other is reducedEnzymes of this type are often called oxidases, reductase, or dehydrogenases


ATPase


hydrolyzes ATPMany proteins with a wide range of roles have an energy-harnessing ATPase activity as part of their function, including motor proteins such as myosin and membrane transport proteins such as the sodium-potassium pump


Primary


covalent bonds link amino acids into polypeptide chain


secondary


hydrogen bonds from alpha helix and beta sheets


tertiary


hydrogen, Van der Waals, ionic and non-polar bonds complete folding


Quarternary


interactions between protein subunits