A movement that decreases the distance between two bones or parts of the body
Flexion
A movement that increases the angle of a joint or the distance between two bones or parts of the body
Extension
Extension beyond 180o
Hyperextension
Movement of a limb away from the midline
Abduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline
Adduction
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement
Rotation
A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Occurs in ball and socket joints. In this motion, the proximal end of the limb remains stationary and the distal end moves in a circle, describing the shape of a cone
Circumduction
Movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior to posterior position
Pronation
Movement of the palm of the hand from posterior position to an anterior position:
Supination
Movement of the ankle joint that results in the medial turning of the sole of the foot:
Inversion
Movement of the ankle joint that results in the lateral turning of the sole of the foot:
Eversion
Movement of the ankle joint dorsally, as in standing on the heel:
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the ankle joint downward, as in standing on the toes:
Plantarflexion