SANS does _____ and is called _________.
increases alertness,heart rate, BP, pulmonary airflow, blood flow to heart and skeletal muscle.Reduces blood flow to skin/GI tractFight or Flight
PANS does _____ and is called ____________.
Normal body maintenanceFeed or Breed or Resting and Digesting
SANS is also called
Thoracolumbar Division from thoracolumbar spinal cord
SANS has (short/long) preganglionic neuron and (short/long) postganglionic neuron
ShortLong
PANS has (short/long) preganglionic neuron and (short/long) postganglionic neuron
LongShort
Synapse in SANS occurs in:
Sympathetic Chain of Ganglia
PANS is also called
Craniosacral Division
Synapse in PANS occurs in:
Terminal Ganglia
Blocking Agents
drugs that block adrenergic or cholinergic receptors
Sympatolytics
Block SANS. Drugs that block adrenergic receptors
Parasympatholytics
Block PANS. Drugs that block Cholinergic receptors
Receptors
function: transductionconverts one form of energy to anotherAll receptors have the ability of SENSORY ADAPTATION
Phasic Receptors
adapt very quickly
Tonic receptors
adapt slowly and generate nerve signals more steadily
Thermoreceptors
Temperature
Photoreceptors
Light
Nociceptors
Pain
Chemoreceptors
Chemicals
Mechanoreceptors
Physical deformation of a cell
Rods & Cones
Photoreceptor cell of retina. Contains visual pigments
Rods:
Contains visual pigment: RHODOPSINabsorbs onle one wavelength of light: cannot distinguish colors.responsible for NIGHT VISIONDoesn't take much light to see.
Cones:
3 kinds of cones, each absorbing a different wavelength of light. Color Vision and Day Vision
Emmetropia
Normal VisionRelaxed eye, focused on object >6m away
Accommodation
changing the curvature of the lens so you can focus on a nearby objectLens becomes more convex
Hyperopia
FarsightednessEyeball is too shortTx: Convex lens
Myopia
NearsightednessEyeball is too longTx: Concave lens
Presbyopia
Decreased ability for lens accommodationAge-related change (lens gets stiffer)
Astigmatism
Deviation in shape of cornea
Cataracts
Clouding of lens
Glaucoma
1) Build up of Aqueous humor2) Increased Intraocular Pressure3) Compresses choroid (compromises blood supply) 4) Retinal cells die5) Can result in irreversible blindness
Conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctivaPink Eye
Night Blindness
Rods cannot function properly
Macular Degeneration
Macula Lutea start to dieNo focal vision but still have pheriferal vision
Color Blindness
Lack of one type of cone
Vestibular Apparatus consist of
Saccule & Utricle and Semicircular Ducts/Canals
Saccule and Utricle Equilibrium is in
Macula
Semicircular Ducts/Canals Equilibrium is in
Christa Ampularis
Static Equilibrium
Still. Not moving
Linear Acceleration
Moving in a straight line
Type of Equilibrium the Utricle and Saccule are responsible for
Static Equilibrium and Linear Acceleration
Angular Acceleration
moving in different directions
Type of Equilibrium the Semicircular Canals are responsible for
Angular Acceleration