A homopolysaccharide of glucose; it is ihighly branched and found exclusively in animal cells
glycogen
Formed by cyclization of a ketose sugar
hemiketal
A homopolysaccharide of glucose units connected by (a1-->4) glycosidic bonds; found exclusively in plants
starch
Simple sugars
monosaccharides
Heteropolysaccharides such as hyaluronate
glycosaminoglycans
Glycogen and cellulose, with thousands of simple sugar subunits are examples
polysaccharides
Oxidation of the carbonyl carbon of sugars (except glucose) results in the formation of ______ acids
aldonic
A compound with an asymmetrical atom allowing formation of mirror-image isomers has one or more _____ centers
chiral
B-D-glucuronate is an example of a ________ acid
uronic
End of a polysaccharide chain that is not involved in a glycosidic bond and has a free anomeric carbon
reducing
Lactose and surcrose are examples
disaccharides
Polysaccharides cross-linked by peptides; found in bacterial cell walls
peptidoglycans
A ____ polysaccharide is a polymer of repeating monosacharides
homo
A sugar with a carbonyl group at C-2 (or any position other than C-1)
ketose
Catbohydrate moities are attached to glycoproteins through either N- or
__ - ________ bonds
O - glycosidic
Six-membered ring form of sugars
pyranose
Five-membered ring form of sugars
furanose
A poolysaccharide containing more than one type of sugar is a _____ polysaccharide
hetero
Process that interconverts isomers of pyranoses
mutarotation
Lectins are proteins that bind to specific _________
oligosaccharides
Glycoconjugates containing protein and oligosaccharide portions: for example, glycophorin A.
glycoproteins
A homopolysaccharide of glycose units connected by (B1-->4) glycosidic bonds; it is found exclusively in plants.
Cellulose
An isomer that differs at only one of two or ore chiral centers.
epimer
Gangliosides, for example.
glycolipid
The a and B forms of a pyranose, for example.
anomers
In the formation of pyranoses, linkage between the aldehyde on C-1 and the alcohol on C-5.
hemiacetal
A sugar with the carbonyl group at C-1.
aldose
Animal tissues have an extracellular ______ composed of glycoconjugates and fibrous proteins.
matrix