Informal Fallacies
fallacies that can be detected only by examining the content of the argument containing mistakes in reasoning or the creation of an illusion that makes a bad argument appear good
Types of Fallacies
RelevanceWeak InductionPresumptionAmbiguity Grammatical analogy
Fallacies of Relevance
share the common characteristic that the arguments in which occur have premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusionthe connection is emotional (emotional appeal)
Fallacies of Weak Induction
the connection btw premises and conclusion are not strong enough to support the conclusionthe premises provide at least a shred of evidence in support of the conclusion, but the evidence is not nearly good enough to cause a reasonable person to believe the conclusion
Fallacies of Presumption
the premises presume what they purport to prove
Fallacies of Ambiguity
arise from the occurrence of some form of ambiguity either in the premises or the conclusion (or both)