Parathyroid Hyperplasia
All glands increase in size
most common for secondary hyperPTHism
Parathyroid Adenoma
Single gland increase in size
most common for primary hyperPTHism
Parathyroid Adenoma genetics
cyclin D1
PRAD1 on chromosome 11
CCDN1 relocation
Secondary hyperparathyroidism cause
renal disease
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Palpable mass w/ serum Ca of > 14 mg/dl
Parathyroid Carcinoma genetics
CDC73 mutation
Hyperparathyroidism lab findings
Increased Ca & PTH in serum
Increased cAMP & PO4 in urine
Decreased PO4 resorption
Hyperparathyroidism clinic. presentation
Renal lithiasis (kidney stones / calcinosis)
Polyuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, & osteitis fibrosa cystica
Hypoparathyroidism manifestations
Numbness/tingling, muscle cramping, Tetany (muscle spasms)
Decreased PO4+ in urine