1st degree burns
superficial burn, involves only the epidermis
characterized by redness, pain, slight edema
Ex. mild sunburn
1st degree burn treatment
immersing burned area into cool water wet compress,
cover the burn with sterile nonadhesive bandages healing
time (3-5 days) typically no scarring
2nd degree burn
involve the epidermis and part of the dermis
Ex. severe sunburns with blisters or scalding with hot
liquids healing time (2-4 weeks)
2nd degree burn treatment
care must be taken not to beak blisters because infection can
occur applying ointments not recommended because the ointment
can retain heat in the burned area. burned limbs should be
elevated to prevent swelling
3rd degree burn (full thickness burn)
involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers; which are
often destroyed
Ex. contact with corrosive chemicals or fire
3rd degree burn treatment
hospitalization skin grafting
rules of nines
used to estimate surface area of a burn the body
surface is divided into areas representing 9% or multiples
estimating surface area of a burn is critical for determining
appropriate fluid replacement
Burns are considered very critical if:
over 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns over 10% of
the body has 3rd degree burn 3rd degree burns are present
on the hands, feet, face, perineum