Aldosterone increases blood pressure by Select
one:a. Causing Sodium ion and water retention by the kidneys
b. Activating the adrenal medulla to release cortisolc.
Stimulating the adrenal cortex to cause vasoconstriction of blood
vesselsd. Direct action on the heart to increase it's rate of
contractione. Stimulating Vasopressin to act on the kidneys
a
Which of the following statements is correct: Select
one:a. the concentration of oxygen is higher in the lung than
in other tissuesb. the concentration of oxygen is higher in the
venous blood than in the arterial blood.c. the concentration of
oxygen is higher in the tissues than in the arterial blood.d.
the concentration of oxygen is highest in the heart.e. the
concentration of oxygen in highest in the tissues
a
Blood is ejected from the left ventricle once pressure
withinSelect one:a. the ventricle is less that pressure
within the pulmonary arteryb. the ventricle is less pressure
within the aortac. the ventricle is greater pressure within the
pulmonary arteryd. the muscles of the pulmonary semilunar valve
relaxe. the ventricle is greater than pressure within the aorta
e
Which of the following would NOT have nicotinic cholinergic
receptors? Select one:a. skeletal muscle
cellsb. effector organs for the parasympathetic nervous
systemc. chromaffin cellsd. parasympathetic
postganglionic neuron cell bodiese. sympathetic postganglionic
neuron cell bodies
b
________ describe a region of skin that, when activated, will result
in the stimulation of a particular afferent neuron.
Select one:a. Neuronal fieldsb. Second-order
neuronsc. Motor unitsd. Labeled linese. Receptive fields
e
Which of the following statement is correct:Select one:a.
potassium concentration gradient drives K+ into cellb. potassium
concentration gradient drives K+ out of cellc. sodium
concentration gradient drives Na+ out of celld. calcium
concentration gradient drives Ca2+ out of celle. chloride
concentration gradient drives Cl- out of cell
b
The value of the current though Na+ voltage-gated channel in
particular moment of time is determined only by:Select
one:a. electrochemical driving force and concentration gradient
for Na+b. concentration gradients for both Na+ and K+c.
its conductance and electrochemical driving force for Na+d.
concentration gradients for Na+e. both concentration and
electrical gradients for Na+
c
Which of the following endocrine glands is innervated by sympathetic
preganglionic neurons? Select one:a. thyroid
glandb. anterior pituitaryc. adrenal cortexd.
pancrease. adrenal medulla
e
Which of the following physiological responses are associated with
elevated sympathetic nervous system activity? Select
one:a. decreased heart rateb. increased heart
ratec. inhibition of cardiovascular functiond. enhanced
digestione. enhanced absorption of nutrients
b
The cell bodies of afferent neurons are located within the
________. Select one:a. dorsal root gangliab.
dorsal hornc. lateral hornd. ventral horne. ventral
root ganglia
a
Golgi tendon organs Select one:a. are
predominantly involved in detecting chemosensory stimuli.b.
detect changes in pH.c. detect changes in force or
tension.d. are only found in the gastrointestinal
tract.e. are only located in cardiac muscle.
c
The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of ________.
Select one:a. the kidneysb. skeletal musclec.
endocrine organsd. many organse. the cardiovascular system
b
Which of the following structures is found primarily in white
matter? Select one:a. myelinated axonsb. cell
bodies and dendritesc. dendrites and synapsesd. neuron
cell bodiese. axon terminals
a
At rest, the greatest proportion of blood volume is present within
the ________. Select one:a. systemic veinsb.
heartc. pulmonary veinsd. systemic arteriese.
systemic capillaries
a
In the circulatory system, the largest pressure drop occurs across
________. Select one:a. venulesb.
arteriolesc. capillariesd. arteriese. veins
b
As mean arterial pressure increases, the ________, informing the
medulla oblongata in the brain that blood pressure has indeed
increased. Select one:a. frequency of action
potentials from the baroreceptors increasesb. number of neurons
stimulated within the aortic arch increasesc. number of
sympathetic neurons activated decreasesd. amplitude of the
action potentials from the baroreceptors increasese. blood flow
to the brain increases
a
When is blood flow in the left coronary arteries greatest?
Select one:a. In mid systoleb. Early in
systolec. Towards the end of diastoled. Early in
diastolee. Towards the end of systole
d
The contractile activity of smooth muscle cells within ________ is
primarily involved in the control of the organ blood flow and mean
arterial pressure. Select one:a. veinsb.
venulesc. capillariesd. arteriese. arterioles
e
The ________ carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Select one:a. pulmonary veinb. inferior vena
cavac. pulmonary arteryd. superior vena cavae. aorta
c
Which of the following equations correctly relates flow, pressure,
and resistance? Select one:a. Flow = Pressure ?
Resistanceb. Pressure = Flow ? Resistancec. Flow =
Pressure + Resistanced. Resistance = Flow ? Pressuree.
Flow = Pressure - Resistance
b
The stimulus for closure of the atrioventricular valve is
________. Select one:a. contraction of the
atriumb. when pressure inside the ventricle is less than
pressure inside the atriumc. when pressure inside the ventricle
is greater than pressure inside the atriumd. contraction of the
papillary musclee. contraction of the atrioventricular valve
c
Which of the following equations is correct? Select
one:a. cardiac output = stroke volume ? heart rateb. mean
arterial pressure = resistance ? viscosityc. resistance =
(length ? radius x 4) / viscosityd. cardiac output = mean
arterial pressure ? total peripheral resistancee. mean arterial
pressure = cardiac output ? stroke volume
a
The area of the gas exchange region of the lung in a normal person
is: Select one:a. about 10 square metres.b.
about 20 square metres.c. about half the size of a tennis
court.d. about the size of a football oval.e. none of the above.
c
External intercostal muscles are Select one:a.
connected to the collar boneb. involved in active
inspirationc. involved in expirationd. connected to the
lung by ligamentse. connected to the diaphragm
b
For an average size person total lung capacity is
approximately: Select one:a. 2,000mlb.
3,500mlc. 5,000mld. 7,500 mle. 10,000 ml
c
The internal intercostal muscles are used during Select
one:a. inspirationb. passive expirationc. active
expirationd. exercisee. both c and d
e
The plural cavity: Select one:a. is a sealed sac
wrapped around each lungb. is connected to the lung and the
ribsc. stops the lung from collapsingd. is filled with a
lubricating fluide. all of the above are correct
e
Central chemoreceptors respond directly to Select
one:a. low oxygen in the cerebrospinal fluid.b. low
oxygen in the bloodc. CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid.d.
hydrogen ion in the cerebrospinal fluid.e. CO2 in the blood.
d
Which of the following is the correct set of partial pressures (mmHg)
for nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
vapour (WV) in humidified air at 1 atmosphere. Select
one:a. N2 630, O2 120, CO2 0.3, WV 4.7b. N2 620, O2 132,
CO2 1.3, WV 4.7c. N2 600, O2 120, CO2 0.3, WV 47d. N2
580, O2 142, CO2 1.3, WV 47e. N2 563, O2 149, CO2 0.3, WV 47
e
In which of the following conditions in blood stimulate peripheral
chemoreceptors? Select one:a. high CO2 and
decreased hydrogen ionsb. low oxygen and low CO2c. high
oxygen and high CO2.d. low oxygen and increased hydrogen ions
e. increased hydrogen ions and low CO2
d
The total cross sectional area of the lung dramatically increases
at Select one:a. airway generation number 5b.
airway generation number 8c. airway generation number
12d. airway generation number 15e. airway generation
number 23
d
The defaecatory reflex pathways are most powerfully activated
by: Select one:a. rectal distensionb. ileal
distensionc. oesophageal distensiond. colonic
distensione. gastric distension
a
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Select one:a. synthesis of glycogenb. production of
albuminc. removal of aged red blood cellsd. production of
bilee. synthesis of digestive enzymes
e
Which of the following enzymes breaks triglycerides down into fatty
acids and monoglycerides? Select one:a.
carboxypeptidaseb. amylasec. lipased.
peptidasee. nuclease
c
The ____________ is a thick layer of connective tissue containing
large blood vessels, which gives the gut wall most of its elasticity,
strength and distensibility Select one:a.
epitheliumb. myenteric plexusc. submucosad.
muscularis externae. lamina propria
c
Where do slow waves occur? Select one:a. in
submucosal blood vesselsb. in the muscularis externac. in
the serosad. in the epitheliume. in the myenteric plexus
b
Which of the following correctly describes the order of four tissues
encountered when moving through the gut wall in the direction from the
lumen to the other surface?: Select one:a. lamina
propria, muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa Incorrectb.
epithelium, submucosa, serosa, lamina propriac. submucosa,
muscularis externa, serosa, mucosad. epithelium, lamina
propria, serosa, muscularis mucosae. epithelium, submucosa,
muscularis externa, serosa
e
The surface area of the human small intestine is increased by small
protruding finger-like extensions, 1-2mm long, what are these
called? Select one:a. haustrab. jejunal
foldsc. microvillid. rugaee. villi
e
Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum after interacting with which
protein secreted by which cells in the stomach wall?
Select one:a. bile salts secreted by goblet cellsb.
enterokinase secreted by paneth cellsc. pepsinogen secreted by
oxyntic cellsd. intrinsic factor secreted by chief cellse.
intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells
e
Migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) occur in the human small
intestine at approximately what intervals between meals?
Select one:a. every 5-10 minutesb. every 20-30
minutesc. every 90-120 minutesd. 1-3 times per daye.
Never; they only occur in the colon
c
Acidified chyme reaching the duodenum triggers the release of a
hormone which causes the increased release of bicarbonate ions in
pancreatic juice which neutralizes the duodenal contents. Which
hormone? Select one:a. glucagonb.
ghrelinc. cholecystokinind. secretine. leptin
d
A person with Type II diabetes, sometimes also known as Adult or
Maturity Onset Diabetes may have elevated blood insulin levels because
of Select one:a. Reduced metabolic breakdown of
insulinb. The insulin producing cells in the pancreas are over-
stimulated by adrenalinec. The insulin molecule is different
from a normal persons insulin molecule.d. Insulin target cells
are resistant/insensitive to insuline. Insulin receptors are
blocked by insulin receptor antibodies
d
In the adult human which pair of hormones is essential for
life? Select one:a. Growth Hormone (GH) and
Prolactinb. Testosterone and Estrogenc. Insulin and
Growth Hormoned. Cortisol and Insuline. Testosterone and
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
d
The hormones Vasopressin and Oxytocin are produced by the
Select one:a. Anterior pituitaryb. Kidneysc.
Posterior pituitaryd. Specialised Neurosecretory Neurons in the
Adrenal medullae. Specialised Neurosecretory Neurons in the Hypothalamus
e
How many general classes of hormones are there? Select
one:a. Threeb. Onec. Tend. Twoe. Four
a
Cortisol controls its synthesis and secretion by Select
one:a. Paracrine activityb. Autocrine activityc.
Feed back on the adrenal medullad. Feed back on the
Hypothalamus and Pituitarye. None of the above
d
Insulin is synthesised and secreted by pancreatic Select
one:a. Acinar cellsb. Ductal epithelial cellsc.
Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhansd. Alpha cells of the
Islets of Langerhanse. None of the above cell types
c
In a person with a tumour secreting large amounts of Parathyroid
Hormone into the blood you would expect to find Select
one:a. Low levels of Calcium ion in the bloodb. High
levels of Calcium ion in the bloodc. Calcium loss from the
bones (osteoporosis) Incorrectd. A and Ce. B and C
e
Some Hormones have long Half Lives (T1/2) because Select
one:a. They bind to carrier proteins in bloodb. Target
cells for the hormone are stimulated to make more of the same
hormone.c. They bind enzymes in the blood make more of the same
hormoned. They re-form into long polymer chains of the
hormonee. B and D are correct
a
Adrenocortricotropin hormone (ACTH) is synthesized and secreted by
the Select one:a. Hypothalamusb.
Melanocytesc. Anterior pituitaryd. Posterior
Pituitarye. Adrenal Cortex
c
Which of the following tissues secrete proteolytic enzymes to liquefy
semen? Select one:a. prostateb.
testisc. urethrad. seminal vesiclee. bulbourethral gland
a
Which of the following statements is incorrect. Select
one:a. a female has approximately 2-4 million oocytes at
birthb. a female has approximately 200,00 to 400,00 oocytes at
pubertyc. a female ovulates about 2,000 to 4,000 oocytes during
her lifed. a female has approximately 6 million oogonia during
fetal developmente. only approximately 1- 5 oocytes are fertilized
c
Which one of the following are all components of the testis.
Select one:a. seminiferous tubules, epididymis, efferent
ductules b. vas deferens, rete testis and urethrac.
epididymis, rete testis and seminal vesiclesd. efferent
ductules, seminiferous tubules, ejaculatory ducte. seminal
vesicles, vas deferens epididymis
a
With respect to the affects of testosterone in the male which
statement is incorrect? Select one:a. testosterone
stimulates the secretion of inhibin from leydig cellsb.
testosterone inhibits the secretion of luteinising hormonec.
testosterone stimulates protein anabolism and bone growth.d.
testosterone is required for spermatogenesise. testosterone
induces and maintains male sexual functions
a
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Select
one:a. secondary spermatocytes have 23 chromosomes and 2
chromatids per chromosomeb. spermatozoa have 23 chromosomes and
1 chromatid per chromosomec. Spermatogonia have 46 chromosomes
and 2 chromatids per chromosome.d. spermatids have 23
chromosomes and 2 chromatids per chromosomee. primary
spermatocytes have 46 chromosomes and 2 chromatids per chromosome
d
Which of the following statements is correct? Select
one:a. Follicle stimulating hormone secreted from the
hypothalamus stimulates spermatogenesis in the Sertoli cells. b.
Luteinizing hormone secreted from the hypothalamus stimulates the
release of testosterone from the Leydig cells.c. Leydig cells
secrete testosterone which stimulates spermatogenesis in the Sertoli
cells.d. Leydig cells secrete inhibine. both b and c are correct.
e
Approximately how long does it take sperm to get to the site of
fertilization? Select one:a. 2 minsb. 20
minsc. 60 minsd. 3 hourse. 12 hours
c
Which of the following are all components of sperm?
Select one:a. codpiece, flagellum, midpieceb. DNA,
flagellum, efferent ductulesc. acrosome, epididymis,
mitochondriad. acrosome, flagellum, nucleuse. nucleus,
seminal vesicles, mitochondria
d
Inhibin is Select one:a. secreted by granulosa
cells to feedback to the hypothalamus to inhibit gonadotrophin
releasing hormone.b. secreted by granulosa cells to inhibit
follicle stimulation hormone from the anterior pituitary c.
secreted by the anterior pituitary to inhibit oestrogen
secretion.d. secreted theca cells to inhibit granulosa
cellse. secreted by granulosa cells to inhibit oestrogen
secretion secretion
b
Testosterone produces negative feedback to: Select
one:a. Sertoli cells turn off inhibin secretionb. the
anterior pituitary to turn off both luteinizing hormone and follicle
stimulating hormone secretionc. the anterior pituitary to turn
off luteinizing hormone secretiond. the anterior pituitary to
turn off follicle stimulating hormone secretione. Leydig cells
to turn off it's own secretion
c
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the
functioning of the:
a. Bowman's capsule
b. distal tubule
c. collecting ducts
d. proximal tubule
e. glomerulus
c
Which is the organ where most digestion occurs?
A. pancreas
B. pylorus
C. rectum
D. small intestine
E. stomach
D
Slow waves originate in modified smooth muscle cells called
smooth muscle sphincters. mucous cells.
interstitial cells of Cajal. goblet cells.
3
Identify the FALSE statement.
Females have one less active chromosome than males.
Meiosis is never completed in most oocytes.
Gametogenesis begins in the female fetus. Estrogens
control the development of the reproductive organs in the female
fetus. Androgens control the development of reproductive
organs in the male fetus.
4
Match the product with the cell or region that secretes or
contains it: Brush Border
A. enzymes
B. HCl
C. HCO3 -
D. mucus
E. more than one of these
A
If the partial pressure of oxygen in both air and water is 100 mm Hg,
then the concentration of the oxygen is the same in the air and water.
True False
FALSE
Typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors,
G proteins are inhibited. cyclic nucleotides are
formed. gene transcription may increase or decrease.
adenylyl cyclase is activated. protein kinases are
activated.
3
In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are
secreted then reabsorbed. not filtered.
filtered then reabsorbed. filtered and secreted.
2
The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood
and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the
arterioles. venules. capillaries.
arterioles and capillaries. venules and
capillaries.
5
Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted
along ________ neurons.
sensory efferent afferent afferent
and sensory sensory and efferent
4
Put the following steps of fat digestion and absorption in order:
1. Bile salts coat fat droplets.
2. Cholesterol is transported into cells.
3. Chylomicrons are formed.
4. Chylomicrons are removed by lymphatic system.
5. Monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles.
6. Pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 2, 6, 5, 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4
D) 6, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
E). None of the answers are correct
C)
Which is the sequence of layers from the lumen to the outer wall of
the digestive tract?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa serosa,
submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa submucosa, mucosa,
serosa, muscularis externa submucosa, muscularis externa,
serosa, mucosa mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis
externa
1
The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential:
1. sodium channels are closed
2. more voltage-regulated potassium
channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization
3. sodium channels return to their
resting properties
4. a graded depolarization brings
depolarization to threshold
5. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
6. sodium channels open
7. sodium ions enter the cell and
further depolarization occurs
The proper sequence of these
events is
A). 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5.
B). 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1.
C). 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5.
D). 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3.
E). 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1.
D)
Which will increase the heart rate?
only sympathetic stimulation of the SA node both
sympathetic stimulation and acetylcholine stimulation of the SA
node only the application of acetylcholine to stimulation of
the SA node only epinephrine stimulation of the SA
node both sympathetic stimulation and epinephrine stimulation
of the SA node
5
In which situation would the stroke volume be the greatest?
when venous return is increased when the difference
between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume is
small when the force of contraction is decreased
when venous return is decreased when calcium channel
blockers are present
1
Which is NOT a somatosensory modality?
temperature nociception touch
vision proprioception
4
In response to the acid in the duodenum, the blood levels of
secretin increase. gastrin increase.
enterocrinin decrease. cholecystokinin decrease.
All of these answers are correct.
1
________ involve short segments of intestine that alternately
contract and relax. They are responsible for ________.
Peristaltic contractions, pushing a bolus forward
Segmental contractions, mixing Peristaltic
contractions, mixing Segmental contractions, pushing a
bolus forward
2
A inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase would
decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in
plasma. increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the
blood. increase blood pH. interfere with oxygen
binding to hemoglobin. All of the answers are correct.
3
Match each step in urine formation to its description:
Movement from the nephron
lumen to the blood
A. excretion
B. filtration
C. reabsorption
D. secretion
C.
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between
pressure and volume?
As volume increases, pressure remains unchanged. As
volume increases, pressure decreases proportionally. As
volume increases, pressure increases by a factor of 2. As
volume increases, pressure decreases by a factor of 2. As
volume increases, pressure increases proportionally.
2
Which factor(s) from the ideal gas equation can be ignored in the
human body?
Select all that apply.
Temperature Moles of the gas Ideal gas
constant Pressure Volume
1,2,3
Select the correct term for each blank in the following statements.
When the respiratory diaphragm contracts, it flattens, lowering the
floor of the thoracic cavity. At the same time, the intercostal
muscles pull the ribs up and out. The active forces of the muscle
groups cause a(n) __________ (increase/decrease) in thoracic volume.
Given the relationship between pressure and volume, this would cause
pressure within the lungs to __________ (increase/decrease).
decrease; decrease increase; decrease
decrease; increase increase; increase
2
If an alveolus with an initial volume of 3 ml of air with a total
pressure of 760 mmHg decreases in volume to 2 ml, what would the new
pressure be and in which direction would air flow? Assume you are at
sea level.
1140 mmHg; air flow out of the alveolus to the
environment 760 mmHg; no net movement of air 1520
mmHg; air flow into the alveolus from the environment 1520
mmHg; air flow out of the alveolus to the environment 1140
mmHg; air flow into the alveolus from the environment
1
Which of the following statements best describes the definition of
Dalton's Law of partial pressures?
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the
pressures of the individual gases. As the volume of a
container increases, the pressure of the gases within that container
will decrease. In order to calculate the partial pressure
of a gas, you must first subtract the water vapor pressure from the
total. The percentage that a gas occupies in the atmosphere
on Earth will change as altitude changes.
1
Using the numbers below, calculate the total pressure of the atmosphere.
Partial pressure of O2: 148 mmHg
Partial pressure of CO2: 0.26 mmHg
Partial pressure of water vapor: 28 mmHg
Partial pressure of N2 : 453 mmHg
176.26 mmHg 629.26 mmHg 760.26 mmHg
601.26 mmHg
2
Which of the following variables do you need to know in order to
calculate the partial pressure of a gas?
Select all that apply.
the percentage of the other gases that comprise the
atmosphere the percentage of the gas the total
pressure in the atmosphere the volume of the container that
the gas is in the water vapor pressure
2, 3, 5
Match the condition with its description:
caused by elevation of TSH
A. giantism
B. kyphosis
C. moon face
D. myxedema
E. goiter
E
At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH,
hemoglobin is ________% saturated with oxygen.
75 10 50 25 over 90
5
If the ovaries were removed from a 20-year-old female, which would
you expect?
increased FSH increased GnRH increased
LH cessation of menstruation All of these
observations
5
Which hormone inhibits FSH secretion in the male?
testosterone inhibin
dihydrotestosterone testis-determining factor
lutenizing hormone
2
Match each hormone with its primary source:
Thyroid
A. prolactin
B. insulin
C. aldosterone
D. melatonin
E. calcitonin
F. epinephrine
E.
Which does NOT occur when you swallow?
Respiration is inhibited. The epiglottis closes.
The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. The upper
esophageal sphincter closes.
4
Type I alveolar cells
are phagocytic. allow rapid diffusion of gases
through their thin membranes. allow rapid diffusion of
gases through their thin membranes, secrete a chemical known as
surfactant, and are phagocytic. secrete a chemical known as
surfactant. None of the statements are true
2
Due to the differences in opposing forces, there is net ________
occurring at the arteriolar end of most capillaries, coupled with net
________ at the venous end.
absorption, filtration filtration, absorption
2
Match the structure to its function.
Protein digestion begins here.
A. mouth
B. stomach
C. rectum
D. small intestine
E. large intestine
2
The surge in LH and FSH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian
cycle triggers
atresia. ovulation. menopause.
menstruation. follicle maturation.
2
An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will
increase the rate of breathing. decrease the alveolar
ventilation rate. increase the pH of arterial blood.
decrease pulmonary ventilation. decrease the rate of
breathing.
1
The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the
minor calyx. proximal tubule. loop of
Henle. collecting duct. distal tubule
5
When a blood vessel dilates, resistance through that vessel is ________.
A. increased
B. decreased
C. unchanged
D. stopped
B
The distance between the alveolar air space and capillary endothelium
is ________, allowing gases to diffuse ________ between them.
short, rapidly long, rapidly short,
slowly long, slowly None of the answers are
correct�distance does not affect diffusion rate
1
The larger the receptive field, the
stronger the stimulus intensity required to activate a sensory
receptor. fewer primary sensory neurons are involved.
larger the area of the somatosensory cortex in the brain that
perceives the sensation. more primary sensory neurons
synapse on one secondary sensory neuron
4
Once the action potential reaches the axon terminal, what happens next?
release of a neurohormone into the blood release of a
neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft exocytosis of a
neurocrine Any of the above could happen next.
4
If cardiac output increases and resistance in arterioles does NOT
change, what happens to arterial blood pressure?
increases decreases is unchanged
1
Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the
kidney epithelium.
Sodium:
A. transcytosis
B. active transport
C. symport with a cation
D. passive reabsorption/diffusion
B
If the results of an experimental drug treatment included pupil
dilation, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose, which
conclusion would be indicated?
It acts at the neuromuscular junction. It acts on
beta adrenergic receptors. It acts on muscarinic
receptors. It acts on AMPA receptors. It acts on
alpha adrenergic receptors
5
Match the structure to its function.
Carbohydrate digestion is
completed here.
A. mouth
B. stomach
C. rectum
D. small intestine
E. large intestine
D
The role of the pituitary hormone FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes. stimulate
the Sertoli cells to produce GnRH. influence sexual
behaviors and sex drive. stimulate the interstitial cells
to produce testosterone. develop and maintain secondary sex
characteristics.
1
Which is NOT a part of the ovarian cycle?
ovulation follicular phase menses
luteal phase corpus luteum formation
3
________ cells produce testosterone while ________ cells regulate
sperm development.
Follicular, interstitial Epididymal, prostate
Interstitial, epididymal Sertoli, interstitial
Interstitial, Sertoli
5
Increased blood calcium levels result in increased
osteoclast activity. excitability of neural
membranes. retention of calcium by the kidneys.
secretion of parathyroid hormone. secretion of
calcitonin.
5
Contribute(s) most to
membrane surface area of cell
A. dendrites
B. axon
C. cell body
A
Place the events of fertilization and implantation in order.
1. Implantation of the developing embryo.
2. The developing embryo becomes a
blastocyst which consists of a hollow ball of cells.
3. Mitosis occurs in the Fallopian tube.
4. The cortical reaction occurs,
preventing polyspermy.
5. The egg is fertilized by the sperm.
A). 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
B). 5, 3, 4, 1, 2
C). 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
D). 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
E). 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
A
In the lumen of the proximal tubule, Na+ concentration is
________ the Na+ concentration inside the cells of the
tubule wall.
slightly lower than about the same as much
higher than slightly higher than much lower
than
3
When the baroreceptor reflex is stimulated by a decrease in blood pressure,
peripheral resistance decreases. sympathetic activity
increases, cardiac output increases, and peripheral resistance
decreases. cardiac output increases. sympathetic
activity increases. sympathetic activity increases and
cardiac output increases.
5
Which has its cell body in a ganglion?
somatic motor neuron preganglionic neuron
postganglionic neuron preganglionic neuron,
postganglionic neuron, and somatic motor neuron
preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron
3
Which is NOT a method of hormone action?
control of gene expression and protein synthesis
control of electrical signaling pathways control of ion
or molecule transport across cell membranes control of
enzymatic reaction rates All are methods of hormone
action.
5
Put these autorhythmic cells into the correct order for conveying
electrical signals through a normal heart.
1. bundle of His
2. internodal pathway
3. Purkinje fibers
4. atrioventricular node
5. sinoatrial nodes
6. left and right bundle branches
A). 5, 2, 1, 6, 4, 3
B). 5, 4, 1, 6, 2, 3
C). 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5
D). 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3
E). 5, 2, 4, 1, 6, 3
E
The force for glomerular filtration is the
fluid pressure produced by the displacement of the fluid in
the lumen of the tubules. osmotic pressure in the
glomerular capillaries. blood pressure in the glomerular
capillaries. ATP-dependent processes in the nephron.
None of the answers are correct.
3
Cortisol has which effects?
suppresses the immune system and influences brain
function causes positive calcium balance suppresses
the immune system and causes positive calcium balance
suppresses the immune system influences brain
function
1
Which would make the oxygen-hemoglobin curve shift right?
increased pH decreased temperature increased
H+ concentration decreased CO2
None of the answers are correct.
3
Lipophobic molecule that
interacts with receptors on cell surface
A. peptide hormone
B. steroid hormone
C. amino acid-derived hormone
D. anterior pituitary
E. hypothalamus
F. posterior pituitary
A
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults can cause
acromegaly. giantism. goiter.
exophthalmus. diabetes.
1
Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
regulation of blood osmolarity regulation of
extracellular fluid volume regulation of blood protein
levels homeostatic regulation of blood pH
maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
3
Place these structures in the order that blood returning to the heart
from the body would pass through them.
1. right ventricle
2. left atrium
3. right atrium
4. pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries
5. left ventricle
6. pulmonary veins
A). 3, 2, 4, 6, 1, 5
B). 3, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5
C). 1, 3, 6, 4, 5, 2
D). 4, 2, 5, 6, 3, 1
E). 2, 5, 6, 4, 3, 1
B
Which kidney process is always active and always requires energy to occur?
reabsorption excretion filtration
secretion
4
Which is the name of the eggs produced by the ovaries?
theca cells primordial follicle ova
antrum sperm
3
Mature sperm or egg
A. haploid
B. diploid
A.