Chapter 35 Flashcards

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the
cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells.
A) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of
sclerenchyma cells. B) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are
thicker than those of schlerenchyma cells. C) The cell walls of
both types of cells are roughly equal. D) The thickness of the
cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to
be made.

A

5) Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?
A) root hair dermal tissue B) palisade parenchyma ground
tissue C) guard cell dermal tissue D) companion cell
ground tissue E) tracheid vascular tissue

D

6) Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?
A) root hair B) cuticle C) periderm D) pith
E) phloem

D

8) Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types
except A) mesodermal. B) epidermal. C) meristematic.
D) vascular. E) ground tissue.

A

9) Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types
except A) vessel elements. B) sieve cells. C)
tracheids. D) companion cells. E) cambium cells.

E

11) Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of
DNA transcription? A) tracheids B) mature mesophyll cells
C) companion cells D) meristematic cells E)
glandular cells

A

12) ________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem. A)
Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell B) Apical meristem; vascular
cambiumC) Vessel element; sieve-tube member D) Cortex;
pith E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium

C

13) CO? enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the A)
cuticle. B) epidermal trichomes. C) stoma. D)
phloem. E) walls of guard cells.

C

16) Which of the following are most responsible for supporting
mature, nongrowing parts of the plant? A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells C) trichomes D) tracheids and
vessel elements E) sieve-tube elements

D

21) A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which
section of a root? A) zone of cell division B) zone of
elongation C) zone of maturation D) root cap E)
apical meristem

C

22) Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur
most easily in which leaf tissue?A) epidermis B) palisade
mesophyll C) spongy mesophyll D) vascular tissue E)
bundle sheath

C

23) Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by
compound leaves versus simple leaves? A) There's a greater
chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas. B)
There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas. C) There's a
reduced chance of herbivory. D) There is less surface area for
water loss. E) There's a greater chance of capturing photons in
intermittently shady areas and less chance of damage in high-wind areas.

E

24) Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell A) as a gas.
B) as a liquid. C) covalently bound to sugars. D)
coupled to ion transport. E) via endocytosis.

B

5) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to A)
attract pollinators. B) absorb ions. C) photosynthesize.
D) produce more cells. E) produce flowers.

D

6) A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide,
perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a
A) parenchyma cell in a leaf. B) vessel element in the
vascular system. C) endodermal cell in a root. D) bark
cell. E) fiber cell.

A

27) Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable
of cell division? A) mesophyll cell in a developing leaf
B) parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root C)
parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud D) functional tracheid
cell in a stem

D

30) Axillary buds A) are initiated by the cork cambium.
B) have dormant meristematic cells. C) are composed of a
series of internodes lacking nodes. D) grow immediately into
shoot branches. E) do not form a vascular connection with the
primary shoot.

B

I. root cap II. zone of elongation III. zone of cell
division IV. zone of cell maturation V. apical meristem
31) Which of the following is the correct sequence from the
growing tips of the root upward? A) I, II, V, III, IV B)
III, V, I, II, IV C) II, IV, I, V, III D) IV, II, III, I,
V E) I, V, III, II, IV

E - 1,5,3,2,4 Rootcap, apical meristem, cell division, elongation, maturation

32) Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure
and function? A) sclerenchyma supporting cells with thick
secondary walls B) periderm protective coat of woody stems and
roots C) pericycle waterproof ring of cells surrounding the
central stele in roots D) mesophyll parenchyma cells functioning
in photosynthesis in leaves E) ground meristem primary meristem
that produces the ground tissue system

C

34) A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the
flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical
evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be
A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot
apical meristem. B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem
with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the
meristem. C) preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the
meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. D)
elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the
shoot apical meristem. E) formation of stomata in the epidermal
layer of the shoot apical meristem.

C

35) Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

D stomata

36) Which of the following is a true statement about growth in
plants? A) Only primary growth is localized at meristems.
B) Some plants lack secondary growth. C) Only stems have
secondary growth. D) Only secondary growth produces reproductive
structures. E) Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots
have only secondary growth.

B

37) All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their
functions except A) mesophyll�photosynthesis. B) guard
cell�regulation of transpiration. C) sieve-tube
member�translocation. D) vessel element�water transport.
E) companion cell�formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

E

38) What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a
plant to light in a dense forest? A) closing of the stomata
B) lateral buds C) apical dominance D) absence of
petioles E) intercalary meristems

C

39) A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical
dominance by auxin via which of the following? A) pruning shoot
tips B) deep watering of the roots C) fertilizing D)
treating the plants with auxins E) feeding the plants nutrients

A

40) What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?
A) increases apical dominance B) inhibits the growth of
lateral buds C) produces a plant that will grow taller D)
stimulates lateral buds to grow E) increases the flow of auxin
down the shoot

D

44) Which of the following is a true statement? A) Flowers may
have secondary growth. B) Secondary growth is a common feature
of eudicot leaves. C) Secondary growth is produced by both the
vascular cambium and the cork cambium. D) Primary growth and
secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. E)
Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

C

45) What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) primary
xylem B) secondary xylem C) secondary phloem D)
mesophyll cells E) vascular cambium

B - secondary xylem

47) Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root
originates from which cells? A) vascular cambium B) apical
meristem C) endodermis D) phloem E) xylem

A

48) According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes
would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals
and petals but no stamens or carpels?A) A genes only B) B
genes only C) C genes only D) A and B genes only E)
A and C genes only

D

49) A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower.
Which flower part(s) will develop in this plant? A) sepals
B) petals C) stamens D) carpels E) both sepals
and petals

A

51) Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant
cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must
A) differentiate into procambium. B) undergo
dedifferentiation. C) increase the number of chromosomes in
their nuclei. D) enzymatically digest their primary cell walls.
E) establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm.

B

52) The polarity of a plant is established when A) the zygote
divides. B) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo.
C) the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo. D)
the primary root breaks through the seed coat. E) the shoot
first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.

A

Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown in
the photograph in Figure 35.1 above?
A) They are parenchyma cells. B) They are photosynthetic.
C) They are usually found in roots. D) They are phloem
cells. E) They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic.

E

The following question are based on the drawing of root or stem cross
sections shown in Figure 35.2.
Figure 35.2
56) A monocot stem is represented byA) I only. B) II
only. C) III only. D) IV only. E) both I and III.

B

60) Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around
the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting
the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several
weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left
functional was/were the A) phloem. B) xylem. C) cork
cambium. D) cortex. E) companion and sieve-tube members.

B

62) The innermost layer of the root cortex is the A) core.
B) pericycle. C) endodermis. D) pith. E)
vascular cambium.

C

65) Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a
flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A
and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls? A)
carpel-petal-petal-carpel B) petal-petal-stamen-stamen C)
sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal D) sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel E) carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel

B

67) Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section
through the woody part of a root? A) sclerenchyma cells B)
parenchyma cells C) sieve-tube elements D) root hairs
E) vessel elements

D