Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female
secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
Ovaries
Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain
Pituitary gland
produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary
male sex characteristics
Testes
Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Adrenal gland
Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ
Hypothalamus
The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are
calcitonin-parathyroid hormone
TRUE
The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin
FALSE
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones
TRUE
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions
TRUE
The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin
TRUE
Hypersecretion of catecholamines can result in hypertension
TRUE
Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the posterior pituitary
FALSE
Which hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?
Steroid
Which hormone has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production
by the breasts?
Prolactin
Acromegaly and gigantism are the results of ____ of growth hormone.
Hypersecretion
Which hormone stimulates production of RBCs?
erythropoietin
Alpha islet cells produce _____, an extremely potent hyperglycemic hormone.
Glucagon
The ____ gland may influence our day/night cycles and even regulate
the onset of sexual maturity
Pineal
The _____ gland is especially large in early childhood, then declines
in size and function with age
Thymus
Hypersecretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure can
result in a condition called
Acromegaly
A) Aortic Valve 2) Mitral Valve C) Pulmonary Valve D) Tricuspid Valve
10) __ Prevents backflow into the left ventricle
11) __ Prevents backflow into the right atrium
12) __ Prevents backflow into the left artium
13) __ Prevents backflow into the right ventricle
14)__ AV valve with two flaps
15) __ AV valve with three flaps
10) A- Aortic Valve
11) D- Tricuspid valve
12) B- Mitral Valve
13) C- Pulmonary Valve
14) B- Mitral Valve
15) D- Tricupsid Valve
Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral
routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle
TRUE
Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the
heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to
body tissues
TRUE
The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of the blood as the right.
TRUE
The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so
that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the
full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the AV
valve flaps.
FALSE
An ECG provides direct information about valve function
FALSE
The pacemaker rhythm that determines heart rate is called ____ rhythm
Sinus
The ECG ___ wave interval represents ventricular repolarization
T
The ____ layer of the serous pericardium covers the heart
Viseral
The ____ valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae
Tricuspid
A- Large Veins B- Capillaries C- Arterioles D- Large arteries
1. __ Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest
2. __ site where exchanges of food and gases are made
3. __ site where blood pressure is lowest
4. __ site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest
5. __ site where the velocity of blood flow is the slowest
6. __ site where the blood volume is greatest
7. __ site where the blood pressure is greatest
8. __ site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance
1. C- Arterioles
2. B- Capillaries
3. A- Large Veins
4. D- Large arteries
5. B- Capillaries
6. A- Large veins
7. D- Large arteries
8. C- Arterioles
The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its
requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation
TRUE
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in
systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart
FALSE
The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis
TRUE
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima
FALSE
The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries
FALSE
The precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates
the flow of blood into the capillaries
TRUE
The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain,
whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate
blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole
TRUE
Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction
FALSE
Arterial ___ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ
Anastomosis
The ___ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in
blood pressure
Baroreceptors
A) Neutrophil B) Monocyte C) Basophil D) Erythrocyte E) Eosinophil
7) __ Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes;
functions in attacking parasitic worms
8)__ Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine
indistinct granules
9)__ Transports CO2 and oxygen
10)__ Contains a U- or an S- shaped nucleus; granules stain very
dark; releases histamine and heparin.
11)__ Largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses;
associated with chronic infections.
7) E- Eosinophil
8) A- Neutrophil
9) D- Erythrocyte
10) C- Basophil
11) B- Monocyte
The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone
marrow in the shafts of the long bones
FALSE
The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting
FALSE
Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin
FALSE
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen
FALSE
Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue
spaces from the interior of blood capillaries
FALSE
Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte
migration into damaged areas
TRUE
Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs
FALSE
A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with
either type B or type O blood
TRUE
All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes
TRUE
The formed element _____ can kill parasitic worms
Eosinophil
The rarest leukocyte is the _____
Basophil
The universal recipient blood type is ___
AB
When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called _____
macrophage
The term that describes blood disorders in which blood oxygen levels
are inadequate to support normal metabolism is_____
anemia
How many polypedtide chains make up hemoglobin?____
4
The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess
protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream
TRUE
Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves
TRUE
Digested fats are absorbed from the intestinie by the lymph capillaries
TRUE
There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than
there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node
FALSE
lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then more to other
parts of the body
TRUE
Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart
FALSE
A) Intact skin and mucous membranes
B) Inflammatory response
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
6) __ First line of defense
7) __ second line of defense
8) __ third line of defense
9) __ innate defense system
10) __ Adaptive defense system
6) A
7)B
8) D
9) C
10) D
A) Regulatory T Cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T Cell
D) Helper T cell
E) Memory cell
11) __ enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure
to antigen
12)__ Absence results in no immune response
13)__ Forms antibody producing cells
14)__ Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells
15) __ Slows or stops the immune response
11) E
12) D
13) B
14) C
15) A
Cellular ingestion and destruction of particulate matter is called phagocytosis
TRUE
The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis
TRUE
Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and
provoking an immune response are called antigens
TRUE
A given pathogen will provoke either a cell-mediated response or an
antibody- mediated response but not both
FALSE
Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular
metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur
FALSE
Adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies
FALSE
Harmful or disease- causing microorganisms are called ____
pathogens
The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and
causes the cells to release histamine and other chemical is _____
IgE
Failure of developing T cells to recognize self MHC during positive
selection results in ____
Apoptosis
A group of at least 20 plasma proteins that normally circulate in an
inactive state and are a major mechanism for destroying foreign
substances in the body are referred to as _____
Complement