GLAUCOMA
increased IOP pressure (IOP is aqueous humor)
increased IOP results from inadequate drainage of aqueous humor
*causes damage to optic nerve and ischemic drainage
2nd leading cause of blindness in US
GLAUCOMA RISK FACTORS
family
HTN/Diabetes
over age 40
history of eye problems
GALUCOMA MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
NO CURE
eye drops or surgery
GLAUCOMA S/S
scotomas
loss of peripheral vision
blurred vision, aching
poor vision in dim light
GLAUCOMA NURSING CARE
self care
medications
GLAUCOMA ASSESSMENT
establish diagnosis, assess optic nerve damage and formulate
treatment plan
obtain ocular history
WHAT MEDICATIONS FOR GLAUCOMA HELP DECREASE AQUEOUS HUMOR PRODUCTION?
beta blockers
alpha andrengic agonist
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
WHAT MEDICATIONS FOR GLAUCOMA INCREASE AQUEOUS HUMOR OUTFLOW?
cholinergics
prostaglandin analogues
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
optic nerve damage- decrease visual acuity
gradual loss of peripheral vision that creates tunnel vision
IOP 22-32mmHg
its preventable, painless, and can cause permanent blindness
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA TREATMENT
decrease IOP by 25%
topical and oral agents PRN
CATARACTS
blurred vision, cloudy lens, reduce sharp image in retina
CATARACTS RISK FACTORS
smoking
steroids
sunlight
diabetes
obesity
increase triglycerides
eye injuries
CATARACTS S/S
painless, blurry vision
sensitivity to glare
reduce acuity
CATARACTS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
snellen chart
opthalamoscope
CATARACTS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
invasive surgery
intraocular lens
medications
CATARACTS NURSING MANAGEMENT
pre and post op care
educate patient about eye problem
med administration
when to obtain emergency care
CATARACTS SURGICAL TREATMENT
treat one eye at a time
minimally invasive outpatient surgery
topical anesthesia
lens must be replaced by intraocular lens, or aphakic glasses
CATARACT NURSING SURGICAL CARE
slightly morning discharge, redness, and scratchy feeling is normal
1st 3 days
wash hands before touching eye
wear eye patch for 24 hours and shield at night
CATARACTS PATIENT EDUCATION
do not lift anything more than 15 pounds
do not lie on affected eye the night after surgery
no bending over
no sex or driving
sunglasses during the day
CATARACTS MEDS AFTER SURGERY
antibiotics, corticosteroids, and anti inflammatory meds to prevent
infection and inflammation