Define Pyogenic.
Pus-forming
Another term of purulent.
Pyogenic
What is the most significant property that allows Pyogenic cocci to
cause disease?
It resists phagocytosis.
What is the gram stain of most cocci bacteria?
Gram positive
What pyogenic coccus bacteria is gram negative?
Neisseria gonorrhea & Neisseria meningitis
Where does Staphylococcus aureus normally manifest itself? what part
of the body does it normally show up in?
Skin
What strain of staphylococcus bacteria is resistant to most commonly
used antibiotics?
Methicillin-resistant S. Aureus
What microbe is a primary cause of nosocomial infections?
Staphylococcus aureus
What term describes hospital acquired infections?
Nosocomial
What is the portal of entry of most staphylococcus aureus diseases?
Respiratory tract
Which staphylococcus aureus disease utilizes the gastrointestinal tract?
Food poisoning
What is the normal mode of transmission of staphylococcus aureus?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What is another name for strep throat?
Septic sore throat
Another name for Scarlatina?
Scarlet fever
What is the most common mode of transmission of streptococcus pyogenes?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What is the most common portal of entry used by streptococcus pyogenes?
Respiratory tract
What are the 3 diseases commonly caused by streptococcus pneumoniae?
Lobar penumonia, Bacterial meningitis, Otitis media
Another name for streptococcus pneumoniae?
penumococcus
Another name for Middle ear infection?
Otitis media
What is the normal portal of entry of streptococcus pneumoniae?
Respiratory tract
What is the normal mode of transmission of streptococcus pneumoniae?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What characteristic of the streptococcus pneumoniae microbe allows
the microbe to spread more easily?
It uses capsules to protect against the body's defenses.
What microbe causes Ophthalmia neonatorum?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What is the normal portal of entry of Neisseria gonorrhea?
Genitourinary tract
What is the normal mode of transmission of Neisseria gonorrhea?
Direct contact - sexual contact
What characteristic of Neisseria gonorrhea causes it to be more
difficult to remove than other microbes?
It contains pili and capsules
What disease is caused by the transfer of Neisseria gonorrhea during
child birth?
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Another name for Meningococcus
Neisseria meningitis
What is the normal portal of entry used in epidemic meningitis?
Respiratory tract
What is the condition in which meningococcal organisms enter the blood?
Meningococcemia
What is the portal of entry for salmonella typhi?
Gastrointestinal tract
What disease is caused by salmonella typhi?
Typhoid fever
What is the mode of transmission for Salmonella enteritis?
Indirect contact - contaminated food
What is another name for salmonellosis?
Food poisoning
What disease is caused by shigella bacillus?
Shigellosis
What is the disease caused by Escherchia coli?
Enteritis
What diseases may be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Pneumonia & UTI
What is the normal portal of entry for Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Gastrointestinal tract
What disease is caused by Bordetella pertussis?
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
What is the portal of entry for Bordetella pertussis?
Respiratory tract
What disease is caused by Yersinia pestis?
The plague - bubonic or pneumonic
What is another name for Fransicella tularensis?
Pasteurella tularensis
What disease is caused by Fransicella tularensis?
Tularemia (Rabbit fever)
What is the normal portal of entry for Bacillus anthracis?
Skin - cutaneous injury
What is a common characteristic of the Clostridium species?
Mode of transmission of Indirect contact
What disease is caused by Clostridium tetani?
Tetanus
What is the mode of transmission for Clostridium tetani?
Indirect contact - fomite (rusty nail)
What is the portal of entry of Clostridium tetani?
Skin - deep puncture wound
What are two antemortem diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens?
Gas gangrene & Food intoxication
What postmortem disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens?
Tissue gas
What is the normal portal of entry for Clostridium perfringens?
Skin - deep puncture wound
What is the embalming implications for Clostridium perfringens?
Special sterilization for embalming instruments
What disease is caused by Clostridium botulinum?
Botulism
What disease is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria?
Respiratory tract
What is the mode of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium?
Tuberculosis
What is the mode of transmission of Mycobacterium avium?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae?
Asiatic cholera
What is the mode of transmission of Vibrio Cholerae?
Indirect contact - contaminated water
What disease is caused by Treponema pallidum?
Syphillis
What is the portal of entry for Treponema pallidum?
Genitourinary tract
What two modes of transmission may be used by Treponema pallidum?
Sexual transmission or contact with open wound (with pus)
What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
Lyme disease
What is the portal of entry used by Lyme disease?
Skin
What is the portal of entry used for Legionnaire's disease?
Respiratory tract
What disease is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Primary atypical penumonia
What is the portal of entry of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Respiratory tract
What is special about Mycoplasmas?
No cell wall
Another name for Epidemic typhus?
Jail fever / War fever / Famine fever
What is the portal of entry for MOST Rickettsia (exclude Coxiella brunetti)?
Skin
What is the mode of transmission for MOST Rickettsia?
Vector transmission
What disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii?
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetti?
Q fever
What is the portal of entry of Coxiella burnetti?
Respiratory tract
What is the mode of transmission of Coxiella burnetti?
Indirect - contaminated fecal matter
What disease is caused by Chlamydia psittaci?
Psittacosis
What is the normal portal of entry of Psittacosis?
Respiratory tract
What diseases are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?
Trachoma, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Non-gonococcal urethritis
What is another name for small pox?
Variola
What is another name for varicella?
Chicken pox
What is another name for varicella zoster?
Shingles
What is another name for measles?
Rubeola
What is another name for rubella?
German measles
What is the most common portal of entry of Dermatrophic viruses?
Respiratory tract
What is the most common mode of transmission for dermatrophic viruses?
Direct contact - droplet spray
List the Pneumotropic viruses.
Influenza, Common cold, Rhinitis, Hantavirus
What is the portal of entry for pneumotrophic viruses?
Respiratory tract
What is the mode of transmission for pneumotropic viruses?
Direct contact - droplet spray
What is another name for Rabies?
Hydrophobia
What is the portal of entry for polio?
Respiratory tract
Which hepatitis is known as infectious hepatitis?
Hepatitis A
Which hepatitis virus is known as serum or blood-bourns hepatitis?
Hepatitis B
What is another name for mumps?
Parotitis
How effective is the Hepatitis B vaccine in preventing the spread of
Hepatitis B?
Greater than 95% effective
What is the term for the medication given to healthcare workers who
have had a needlestick to prevent the conversion of HIV in the new host?
AZT
Describe a prion.
Protein rods that do not contain nucleic acid
What disease is caused by a prion?
Creutzfeldt-Jakobs Disease
Name the 3 diseases which are caused by the Dermatomycosis fungi.
Ringworm, Barber's itch, athlete's foot
What is the portal of entry of the dermatomycosis fungi?
Skin
What is the most common mode of transmission of the dermatomycosis fungi?
Indirect contact - fomites
What is another name for Histoplasmosis?
Darling's Disease
What fungus causes oral thrush?
Candida albicans
What is the portal of entry for Histoplasmosis capsulatum?
Respiratory tract
What disease is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?
Cryptococcosis
What is the portal of entry for Aspergillosis?
Gastrointestinal tract
What is the special consideration of Pneumocystic carinii?
It is opportunistic to AIDS
What is the portal of entry of Pneumocystosis?
Respiratory tract
What disease is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
Amebiasis
What is the mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?
Indirect contact - contaminated food/water
What disease is caused by Plasmodium malariae?
Malaria
What is the portal of entry of malaria?
Skin
What is the mode of transmission of malaria?
Vector transmission - anopheles mosquito
What is the portal of entry of Giardiasis?
Gastrointestinal tract
What disease is caused by Toxoplasma gondii?
Toxoplasmosis
What is the common portal of entry for MOST protozoa?
Gastrointestinal tract
What is the common mode of transmission for MOST protozoa?
Indirect contact - contaminated food/water
Asiatic cholera is caused by:
Vibrio cholerae
Tissue gas is caused by:
Clostridium perfringens
Rabbit fever is caused by:
Francisella tularensis
Whooping cough is caused by:
Bordetella pertussis
Scarlet fever is caused by:
Streptococcus pyogenes
What characteristic is in the primary stage of syphilis?
A chancre appearing on the genitals.
Which disease is characterized by a bull's-eye rash?
Lyme disease
Which disease is caused by a spirochete?
Leptospirosis
Which disease is characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue,
swelling of the neck, and a tough grayish pseudomembrane in the throat?
Diphtheria
Corynebacteria have been shown to cause what types of
infections in humans?
Endocarditis, urinary infections, and respiratory illness after
contact with infected sheep.
Murine typhus is caused by:
Rickettsia typhi
Walking pneumonia is caused by:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Parrot fever is caused by:
Chlamydia psittaci
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by:
Rickettsia rickettsii
Q fever is caused by:
Coxiella burnetii
What microorganism has a characteristic fried-egg appearance?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which disease is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash
on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Which disease might the tongue be covered with a white fur, or
discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth?
Epidemic typhus
Which microorganism undergoes both an infectious stage of growth and
a noninfectious stage of growth?
Chlamydia
Which microorganism is the smallest free-living organism in nature?
Mycoplasma
Cold sores are caused by what virus?
Herpes simplex 1 virus
Measles are caused by what virus?
Rubeola virus
Mononucleosis is caused by what virus?
Epstein-Barr virus
Smallpox is caused by what virus?
Variola virus
German measles are caused by what virus?
Rubella virus
East African sleeping disease is caused by:
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Thrush is caused by:
Candid albicans
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is caused by:
Pneumocystis carinii
Fungal meningitis is caused by:
Cryptococcus neoformans
Amebic dystentery is caused by:
Entamoeba histolytica
Malaria is spread through which vector?
Mosquitoes
What term refers to fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails?
Tineas
Which disease is spread through handling contaminated cat feces?
Toxoplasmosis
Which microorganism causes African trypanosomiasis and is spread by
the tsetse fly?
Protozoa
Which disease is most commonly identified with waterborne illness in
the United States?
Giardiasis