Skin abscesses
Staphylococcus aureus
POE: Skin
MOT: Direct - lesion exudate
Food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food/water
Nosocomical infections
Staphylococcus aureus
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Indirect - fomite
Staphylococcus aureus
Methicililin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming more
resistant to antibiotics and is becoming more widespread in hospitals
as a nosocomial infection.
Strep throat (Septic sore throat)
Streptococcus pyogenes
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Scarlet fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Puerperal sepsis
Streptococcus pyogenes
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Indirect - fomite
Rheumatic fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Streptococcus pyogenes
Scarlatina may be used to describe Scarlet Fever or a milder version
of Scarlet fever.
Lobar pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Bacterial Meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Otitis media
Streptococcus pneumoniae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Streptococcus pneumoniae
#NAME?
Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - sexual contact
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
POE: Eyes of infant
MOT: Direct - during birth
Vulvovaginitis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Indirect - fomite
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhea has pili and capsules, which makes it nearly
impossible to treat with antibiotics.
Epidemic meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Meningococcemia
Neisseria meningitidis
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
Meningococcemia - Meningococcus microbe enters the blood.
Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated water
Salmonellosis (food poisoning)
Salmonella enteriditis
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Salmonella enteriditis
There are several species of salmonella bacteria, but Salmonella
enteritis is one of the more prominent.
*utilizes an endotoxin.
Bacillary dysentery (Shigellosis)
Shigella bacillus
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Shigella bacillus
There are several species of shigella.
Enteritis
Escherichia coli
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Escherichia coli
E. coli is part of the body's normal flora; it can, however, turn
against the host when the host is weakened (susceptible).
Pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Considered an enteric disease since it can cause a severe urinary
tract infection. The respiratory infection has become more popular
with the rise of AIDS as those patients have an increase
susceptibility to opportunistic diseases.
Secondary infection of burns
Pseudomonas bacillus
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Urinary tract infection
Pseudomonas bacillus
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Enteritis
Campylobacter jejuni
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Bordetella pertussis
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Bacterial influenza
Hemophilius influenzae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
The Plague - Bubonic or Pneumonic
Yersinia pestis
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - flea bite
Tularemia (Rabbit fever)
Fransicella tularensis
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - food
Fransicella tularensis
(Pasteurella tularensis)
#NAME?
Diphtheria (Membranous croup)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis would be a case in which the embalmer would cover the
mouth during the transfer of remains from the place of death and
placement upon the embalming table as it can become airborne when the
body is moved.
Tuberculosis (opportunistic to AIDS)
Mycobacterum avium
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Mycobacterium avium
Tuberculosis would be a case in which the embalmer would cover the
mouth during the transfer of remains from the place of death and
placement upon the embalming table as it can become airborne when the
body is moved.
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
POE: Skin - cutaneous injury
MOT: Indirect - animal hides
Bacillus anthracis
#NAME?
Tetanus (Lockjaw)
Clostridium tetani
POE: Skin - deep puncture wound
MOT: Indirect - fomite (rusty nail)
Clostridium tetani
-This is a non-communicable disease; you cannot get it from someone
who has it - you can only get it from a fomite.
-Utilizes an endospore, which is why it can remain on a rusty nail
for years.
Gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
POE: Skin - deep puncture wound
MOT: Indirect - fomite
Food intoxication
Clostridium perfringens
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Tissue gas
Clostridium perfringens
POE: Skin - deep puncture wound
MOT: Indirect - fomite
Clostridium perfringens
-Is a spore-former and produces a destructive exotoxin.
-Special sterilization needed for embalming instruments after use
on a case of tissue gas (normal disinfect will not kill spores).
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Clostridium botulinum
In the age of terrorism, this microbe has been developed as na
aerosol agent that could be used on a mass population.
Asiatic cholera
Vibrio cholerae
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated water
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - sexual transmission
Treponema pallidum
Another mode of transmission would be direct contact with lesion
exudates; in other words, direct contact with an open wound that has
pus draining from it.
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - tick bite
Leptospirosis ( Infectious jaundice)
Leptospira interrogans
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated water
Legionnaires' disease
Legionella pneumophila
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoinae
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasmas do not have a cell wall; this limits the
effectiveness of penicillin as a treatment (since penicillin and many
other antibiotics target the cell wall from destruction).
Epidemic typhus (Jail fever, War fever, Famine fever)
Rickettsia prowazekii
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - body louse
Rickettsia prowazekii
This infectious disease is non-communicable, so one cannot get the
disease from contact with another host.
Endemic typhus fever
Rickettsia typhi
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - rat fleas
Rickettsia typhi
This infectious disease is non-communicable, so one cannot get the
disease from contact with another host.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - tick bite
Q Fever
Coxiella burnetti
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated fecal material
Coxiella burnetti
Q fever is the only rickettsia without a skin rash associated with
the disease.
Psittacosis (Parrot fever)
Chlamydia psittaci
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated feces or the hide of
infected bird
Chlamydia psittaci
#NAME?
Trachoma (conjunctivitis)
Chlamydia trachomatis
POE: Eyes
MOT: Direct - tears of host
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - sexual contact
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - lesion exudate
Variola (Small pox)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Varicella (chicken pox)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Varicello zoster (herpes zoster, shingles)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Rubeola (measles)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Rubella (german measles)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Herpes simplex I (cold sores/fever blisters)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Herpes simplex II (genital herpes)
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - lesion exudate
Koplik spots
Dermotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Dermotropic Viruses
Koplik spots can be found in some AIDS patients.
Influenza
Pneumotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Acute coryza (common cold)
Pneumotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Rhinitis
Pneumotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Hantavirus
Pneumotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Rabies (Hydrophobia)
Neurotropic Viruses
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - animal bite
Encephalomyelitis (Viral Encephalitis)
Neurotropic Viruses
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - insect bite
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Neurotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Neurotropic Viruses
Salk - polio shot vaccine
Sabin - polio sugar cube vaccine
Hepatitis A (Infectious Hepatitis)
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - food/water
Hepatitis B (Serum Hepatitis)
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Skin (needlestick)
MOT: Direct - blood (body fluids) or Indirect -
fomites contaminated with blood
Hepatitis C (Non A/Non B Hepatitis)
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Skin (needlestick)
MOT: Direct - blood (body fluids) or Indirect -
fomites contaminated with blood
Mononucleosis
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Cytomegalovirus
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Parotitis (mumps)
Viscerotropic Viruses
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Viscerotropic Viruses
Hepatitis B vaccine is greater than 95% effective in preventing Hep B
from spreading.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome caused by HIV 1 or
HIV 2)
Immunological Viruses
POE: Broken skin (needlestick) / Genitourinary tract
MOT: Direct - blood (body fluids) or Indirect -
fomites contaminated with blood
Immunological Viruses
-Must have a living host (intracellular parasite)
-Once you have AIDS, you are susceptible to other diseases
-Pneumocystic pneumonia & Kaposi sarcoma are indicators
-Treatment may be by AZT or "cocktail"
-Prophylaxis is given if conversion is possible
-Vaccines are not available since the virus mutates
Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease
Prions
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Prions
#NAME?
Tinea crura (ringworm)
Dermatomycosis
POE: Skin
MOT: Indirect - fomites
Tinea captitis (barber's itch)
Dermatomycosis
POE: Skin
MOT: Indirect - fomites
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
Dermatomycosis
POE: Skin
MOT: Indirect - fomites
Dermatomycosis
Three species all causes these diseases: Microsporum, Trichophyton,
& Epidermophyton
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever, Desert Rheumatism)
Cocidioides immitis
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - contact with spores
Histoplasmosis (speleonosis, Cave sickness, Darling's disease)
Histoplasma capsulatum
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct- contact with spores
Candidiasis
Candida albicans
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
Oral thrush
Candida albicans
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
Vaginal thrush (Yeast infection)
Candida albicans
POE: Genitourinary tract
MOT: Indirect - fomites
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - contact with spores
Aspergillosis
Aspergillus species
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food
Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystic Pneumonia)
Pneumocystic carinii
POE: Respiratory tract
MOT: Direct - droplet spray
Pneumocystic carinii
This microbe is opportunistic to AIDS.
Amebiasis (Amoebic dysentery)
Entamoeba histolytica
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food/water
Malaria
Plasmodium malariae
POE: Skin
MOT: Vector - anopheles mosquito
Giardiasis (lambliasis, traveler's disease, Montezuma's Revenge)
Giardia lamblia
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated water
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
POE: Gastrointestinal tract
MOT: Indirect - contaminated food/water