Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord?

testicular arteries and veins

Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they
are ejaculated?

tail of the epididymis

Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?

interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells

Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine?

Urethra

Which portion of the penis is removed through a procedure known as circumcision?

prepuce (foreskin)

During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control?

ductus (vas) deferens

Sperm is produced in the __________ of the testes.

seminiferous tubules

Sperm are stored in the __________.

epididymis

Which of the following does NOT add substances to seminal fluid?

urethra

Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature.

FALSE

The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is __________; this is
referred to as the __________ chromosome number.

23; haploid

Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________.

prophase I

Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the
__________ of the sperm cell.

Acrosome

The release of __________ encourages interstitial endocrine cells to
release __________.

luteinizing hormone; testosterone

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of
fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

uterine (fallopian) tube (oviduct)

Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle?

Myometrium

Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation,
approximately every 28 days?

stratum functionalis of the endometrium

Specifically, what encloses the vestibule which houses the openings
of the urethra and vagina?

labia minora

Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile
tissue like the penis?

Clitoris

What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly
from the mons pubis?

labia majora

What part of the breast produces milk?

alveoli

The mammary glands belong to which of the following systems?

integumentary system

What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center
of each breast?

Areola

The __________ connects the uterus to the vagina.

Cervix

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each
menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________.

stratum functionalis; stratum basalis

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?

The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

secondary oocyte

Why CAN'T polar bodies be fertilized?

Polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm.

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?

one functional gamete

What event occurs during the proliferative phase?

ovulation

During what phase of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle is the
uterine lining shed?

menstrual phase

What hormone promotes ovulation?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

luteinizing hormone (LH)

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle __________.

the endometrium prepares for implantation

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?

promotes oogenesis

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in females?

Ovary

Once sperm are deposited into the vagina, sperm motility must be
enhanced and they must be prepared to release hydrolytic enzymes from
their acrosomes. What is this process called?

capacitation

What is the event that results when the maternal and paternal
chromosomes combine?

fertilization

The fertilized egg is known as the

zygote

Sperm freshly deposited in the female vagina are incapable of
fertilizing an egg. What must happen first?

Capacitation

Which of the following implants in the mucosa of the endometrium?

blastocyst

What is the 16-cell stage known as?

Morula

How much time passes after fertilization until implantation occurs?

7 days

What releases human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

?

What membrane does the trophoblast form after implantation?

chorion

What is the function of the placenta?

The placenta functions as a nutritive, respiratory, excretory, and
endocrine organ for the developing embryo.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of development from
zygote to embryo?

cleavage, morula, blastocyst, gastrula

What structure(s) ultimately form(s) the placenta?

decidua basalis and chorionic villi

What does the hormone relaxin promote?

Relaxin promotes the relaxation, widening, and increased flexibility
of the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis.

While human chorionic gonadotropin levels spike and sharply decline
to reach a low value by four months, estrogen and progesterone levels
steadily increase over the course of the pregnancy.

TRUE

The sole responsibility of the placenta is to supply the fetus with
oxygen and nutrients.

FALSE

What role does oxytocin play in promoting labor?

Oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract.

Which of the following serves as the trigger to begin the vigorous,
rhythmic contractions of true labor?

prostaglandins

During pregnancy, which hormone is responsible for stimulating
maturation of the breast for lactation?

human placental lactogen (hPL)

__________ extends from the last menstrual period until birth, which
is approximately 280 days.

A gestation period