Sources of Self-Efficacy

Mastery experiences
Social modeling
Social persuasion
Psychological responses

(modeling process)
motivation

you must have some reason for doing the behavior

executive attention

deployment of attention to effectively engage in cognitive tasks

jigsaw

2-6 students work on academic material that has been broken down into sections

self-efficacy

person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation

conditioning theory

explains motivation in terms of responses elicited by stimuli or
emitted in the presence of stimuli

unconditioned stimulus

impetus that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response

semantic memory

memories that have lost its time reference

punishment

a behavior followed by an aversive stimulus results in a decreased
probability of the behavior occurring in the future

Weiner's attribution theory of motivation

way in which we strive to maintain our positive self image

selective attention

careful focus on a specific, relevant aspect of the environmental stimuli

motivation

a need, want, interest, or desire that propels someone in a certain direction

organismic valuing

we select goals based on our inner nature and purpose

(modeling process)
Retention

you must be able to remember what you have paid attention to

humanistic motivation theory

people's capabilities and potentialities as they make choices and
seek control over their lives

behavior modification

extinguish an undesirable behavior and replace it with a desirable
behavior by reinforcement

cooperative scripting

students work in pairs and take turns orally summarizing sections of
material to be learned

meaningful learning

cognitive process in which learners relate new information to things
they already know

rote learning

learning information in a fairly uninterpretive form, without making
sense of it

conditions of worth

situations we think we must meet in order for other people to accept
us as valuable of their love

metacognition

an ability to think about and regulate one's own thinking

drives

internal forces that sought to maintain homeostatic body balance

extinction

the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the
behavior decreasing or disappearing

generalization

tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to a preciously
trained discriminative stimulus

(modeling process)
reproduction

you have to translate the images or descriptions into actual behavior

actualizing tendency

built-in motivation present in every life form to develop its
potentials to the fullest extent possible

shaping

the method of successive approxiations

motor skills learning

one must have a mental image in order to reproduce the movement and
receive feedback on how to improve

conditioned response

the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus

heuristics

a general problem-solving strategy that may or may not yield a
successful outcome

algorithms

problems can be successfully solved by following step-by-step instructions

declarative memory

knowledge about what things are in the world

rehearsal

repeating information verbatim, either mentally or alloud

attribution

inference made about the causes behind an event or behavior

enactive learning

learning from the consequences of one's actions

(modeling process)
Attention

if you are going to learn anything, you have to be paying attention

self concept

individuals belief about himself or herself, including the persons
attributes and who and what the self is