renal calculi can cause excruciating pain when they do not pass
freely through the urinary system. in which renal structure or
structures do renal calculi get stuck and cause this excruciating pain?

ureters

which part of the nephron receives fluid from the glomerular capsular space?

proximal convoluted tubule

which fluid compartment contains the greatest fluid volume (where is
most of the body's water located)?

intracellular fluid (ICF)

what is the source of the yellow pigment urochrome?

hemoglobin

after a brain injury, George developed diabetes insipidis. what
specific part of georges brain was damaged?

posterior pituitary gland

if someone has a disease in which the kidneys do not filter blood
effectively, what renal structure is being affected by the disease?

glomerulus

what statement describes the effect of aldosterone?

it stimulates sodium reabsorption

what is urochrome (also know as urobilin)?

a pigment normally found in urine

what part of the kidney attaches to the ureter?

renal pelvis

what area at the base of the urinary bladder is outlined by three openings?

trigone

what happens when the external urethral sphincter is voluntary
relaxed at the same time that the pelvic splanchnic nerves are active?

micturition

which of these is a nitrogenous waste associated with muscle tissue?

creatine

what is the primary action of antidiuretic hormone?

it causes kidney-collecting ducts to reabsorb more water

which of these is NOT normally found in urine?

glucose

what part of a nephron is responsible for reabsorbing 65% of filtrate
including nutrients (including all glucose) and most of the water?

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

what is one reason urinary tract infections are more common in females?

the female urethra is only 1.5 inches long

what is the mechanism of aldosterone?

it causes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

which blood vessels are found in the renal columns?

interlobar artery and vein

which of these must you consciously relax for micturition to occur?

external urethral sphincter

which bones provide some protection for the kidneys?

11th and 12th ribs

which part of the nephron is involved in filtration?

glomerular capsule

what is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

reduces water content of urine

which vessels absorb the solutes and water from the nephron?

peritubular capillaries

what causes the internal urethral sphincter to open?

pressure from the contracting bladder

Muhammad is a 72-year-old man who has problems with urinary
retention. after an examination, Muhammad's doctor explains that he
has hyperplasia of his prostate gland that is restricting urine flow.
which urinary structure is being affected by Muhammad's hyperplastic
prostate gland?

urinary bladder

which is the nitrogenous waste produced by the liver and poorly
reabsorbed by the kidney?

urea

which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased
probability of having an ectopic pregnancy?

decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes

which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?

prepuce (foreskin)

in males, which of the following includes the correct target and
results of LH stimulation?

interstitial cells : androgen secretions

what part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of
the ovulated oocyte?

uterine (fallopian) tube

which part of the following is considered a role of primary sex organs?

production of sex hormones

what determines the sex of a child?

the Y chromosome

a low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult
would cause ______.

decreased testosterone secretion

sperm is produced in the ______.

seminiferous tubules

oocytes complete meiosis II before they are fertilized.

FALSE

which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine?

urethra

which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a
fertilized egg?

stratum functionalis of the endometrium

during what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?

menstrual phase

if an untrained person induces an abortion and severely punctures the
posterior vaginal wall, there is a potential risk of the puncture
would extending onward into the wall of the _____.

rectum

although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the
side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing _____.

relaxation of muscle tissue in arteries

viable sperm production is optimal below the body's core tempurature

TRUE

which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

secondary oocyte

what is the function of meiosis?

to produce cells with double the chromosome number of the original
spermatogonium or oogonium

which of the following is the final product of spermiogenesis?

spermatozoa

the _____ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by
the _____.

stratum functionalis; stratum basalis

the number of chromosomes in a human gamete is _____; this is
referred to as a _____ chromosome number.

23; haploid

which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?

promotes oogenesis

which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?

myometrium

which of the choices below is NOT a function of testosterone?

stimulates mammary gland development

why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during
oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed
from one stem cell?

the unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three
polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its
journey to the uterus

which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have
erectile tissue?

clitoris

what is the product of spermatogenesis?

formation of haploid sperm

which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?

the pH of the adult vagina is alkaline

what part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?

alveoli